Customer Relations - 15546 Words

. PART I – INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction to customer relations 2. Core concepts 3. Facets of customer relationship management 4. Importance of customer relations 5. Global perspective on customer relationship management 6. Role of Human Resources in Customer Relationship Management PART II –CUSTOMER RELATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICE PUBLIC RELATIONS 1. Customer Relations and Customer Service 2. Customer Relations and Public Relations PART III – CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGEMENT 1. Customer interaction cycle 2. Understanding customers 3. Customer response 4. Complaint management 5. Traditional Vs Customer†¦show more content†¦These companies collect information on each customer’s past transactions, demographics, psychographics, and media and distribution preferences. The ability of a company to deal with customers one at a time has become practical as a result of advances in factory customization, computers, the Internet, and database marketing software. 1.1 .2 Changing markets and markets response The marketplace is not what it used to be. It is radically changing as a result of major societal forces such as technological advances, globalization, and deregulation. These major forces have created new behaviors and challenges. Customers increasingly expect higher quality and service and some customization. They perceive fewer real product differences and show less brand loyalty. They can obtain extensive product information from the Internet and other sources, which permit them to shop more intelligently. Marketers are responding to these challenges through customer relationship marketing. The fundamental principle upon which relationship marketing is founded is that the greater the level of customer satisfaction with the relationship – not just the product or service – then the greater the likelihood that the customer will stay with us. The importance of retaining customers is that there is strong evidence that customer r etention andShow MoreRelatedCustomer Relations1044 Words   |  5 Pages Most efficient path to the customer Our organizational structure promotes a direct relationship with customers. There are no middlemen or resellers - we provide maximum value to the customer by delivering the right products with the right features and functions just when they’re needed. Through continuous direct feedback, we develop an intimate understanding of what each customer expects to accomplish. We focus on customer needs in order to package and integrate products and services into a totalRead MoreEvaluation Of A Customer Relation Assignment1329 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper discusses the results of a customer relation assignment which was designed to create knowledge through observation. Three different healthcare service organizations were observed for this assignment. This technique provided ample amounts of information on how different healthcare facilities handled customer relations. The paper is written from a first person point-of-view and covers the following information such as, the type of the organization visited and services provided by each ofRead MoreCustomer Relations And Risk Management Essay789 Words   |  4 Pages All three vendors mention similar business applications as well. Cloudera: Customer relations (360 view), Business Procession Optimization, Data Hub, Reporting/Metrics, Traditional Data Warehouse Replacement, Predictive Modeling, Telemetry, and Time Series Analysis. Hortonworks: Sentiment Graphing and Social Graphs (Marketing), Click Stream Analysis (Internet Marketing), Network Security, IT Compliance (HIPAA, Sarbanes Oxley, etcetc.), Sensor Data (â€Å"Internet of Things†), Predictive AnalyticsRead MoreSocial Media Relations With Customers And The Pr Firm1559 Words   |  7 Pagesthat employing a public relations practitioner would be beneficial to J. Gregory Salon, I’ve compiled two examples of PR success. This includes two types of technological PR strategies, blogging and Photosharing. I chose these examples because of their relevance to the salon’s previous types of social media relations with customers and the PR firm’s extensive research processes. LG Mobile The following is an example of how the incorporation and reliance on a public relations firm helped the companyRead MoreAirlines : A Successful Customer Relations Strategy2042 Words   |  9 PagesAirlines make it a priority for their customers to be comfortable, have a good travel experience, and provide good customer service. This would eventually, by word of mouth, get more people to fly with airlines. This is a service industry and customers require to be treated with courtesy, respect, patience, and expect employees to be truthful and most importantly to be treated fairly. Over the years, Southwest Airlines has developed a successful customer relations strategy which filters down to serviceRead More Employee-Customer Relations in a Retail Store Essay2352 Words   |  10 PagesEmployee-Customer Relations in a Retail Store In a department store, where customers come to shop, customer-employee relations are a key element for the stores survival.Shopping is a major part of the life of almost every person in the country.The flow of money keeps business flowing.If no one spent his or her money, Business would cease to exist.The customer comes to the store expecting to be served, and the employees are trained (or are supposed to be trained) to please the customer.BusinessesRead MoreCustomer Relation1681 Words   |  7 PagesBAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. Public Relations 1. Pengertian dan Konsep Dasar Public Relations Istilah public relations sering diartikan menjadi †hubungan masyarakat (humas)†. Sebenarnya pengguna istilah hubungan masyarakat tidak tepat. Arti kata †public† dalam public relations berbeda dengan kata â€Å"masyarakat† dalam hubungan masyarakat. Isitilah masyarakat terlalu luas, sedangkan public (publik) hanyalah bagian dari masyarakat yang luas itu. Publik merupakan sekumpulan orang atau kelompokRead MoreCustomer Relations with a Brand1280 Words   |  5 Pagesand Fast Food Restaurant Toyota and McDonalds Customer Relations with a Brand: The field of marketing has experienced a paradigm shift because of the fact that the principles of relationships have nearly substituted short-term exchange notions. While the relationship perspective has received increased acceptance and relevance, it has been hugely under-realized in many marketing literature. According to the findings of research, customers generally want brands to listen and respond to themRead MoreA Short Note On Customer Relation Management ( Crm ) Investments And Initiatives1857 Words   |  8 Pagesin Decision Making While Customer Relation Management (CRM) investments and initiatives are going high in number, challenges pertaining to effective measures too have been raised . As a marketing information system, it contributes in the improvement of market and customer knowledge. The aim of this research is to observe to what extent Salesforce knowledge can help customers in their decision making. Key words: CRM usage and benefits – sales force performance – customer decision making In theRead MoreCustomer Relations : A Competitive Advantage Over The Competition By Having A Global Direct Sales Force892 Words   |  4 PagesOperational Close customer relations give Hilti a competitive advantage over the competition by having a global direct sales force. They make over 200,000 connections with their customers every day providing quality, durability and ease-of-use of their products. Their mission is to help achieve the goal of improving their customers’ productivity. (Building Value - Hilti USA, n.d.) Hilti products are made using a specific recipe: one-third observation, one-third inspiration, and one-third consultation

Problem Of Evil And The Free Will Defense - 1038 Words

Gall Harari PHI2010 Kearns 19 October 2017 Problem of Evil and the Free Will Defense Evil is something that exists in many forms. From big evils like Hitler’s Holocaust and slavery, to small evils like getting a papercut and getting stuck in the rain (perhaps to some this might be a big evil), evil is basically anything that is not good. For theologians, evil poses several problems, most notably when it comes to the existence of God. To most theologists, God has a set definition. God is defined as an all-powerful (omnipotent), all knowing (omniscient), and all-loving (omnibenevolent) being that is morally perfect, meaning God always does the right thing. So how can there be a God if there is evil in the world? This question is something†¦show more content†¦To clearly show the problem of evil, I will lay out it out in premise, conclusion form: 1. If God exists, then God is all-powerful, and all good. 2. An all-powerful being can do anything. 3. An all good being always prevent evil as far as it can. 4. There is evil. 5. Conclusion: Therefore, God does not exist. From this, some possible solutions arise. Simply, if stating that one of the premises is not true, then the problem of evil does not exist. Maybe one does not believe that God’s power is limited or perhaps are prepared to say that evil does not exist and is merely an illusion. It is hard to truly prove that these solutions are true, but they are solutions nonetheless. Along with these adequate solutions, are some solutions that Mackie describes as â€Å"fallacious†. The most noted one very well could be the Free Will Defense. People have the choice to do the â€Å"good† thing or the â€Å"bad† thing. The free will defense states that evil is due to human free will. It attempts to prove that premise 3 is incorrect. In other words, the evil that exists in this world is not God’s fault, but rather the choices and actions of humans, who were given free will from God. This means that the potential cost of having free will is evil. Thus, God, who is an all good being, will not prevent evil because it is not under his discretion whether humans choose the cruel option. This isShow MoreRelated The Problem of Evil Disproved by the Free Will Defense Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesThe Problem of Evil Disproved by the Free Will Defense The Problem of Evil states that because evil exists the existence of a tri-omni being, which we typically refer to as God, is impossible. This argument, if proved to be true, would refute the Cosmological Argument for God’s Existence. The Cosmological Argument states that not every being can be a dependent being without infinite regress (which is believed to be impossible), so there exists a tri-omni self dependent being knownRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil : The Free Will Defense And The Supralapsarian Theodicy1514 Words   |  7 PagesA3- The logical problem of evil basically states that there is an inconsistency with the existence of God and the existence of evil. In other words, saying that God is all good, omnipotent and omniscient, meaning that he knows everything and has absolute power, it doesn’t not make sense to conceive that he would let evil exist in the world. It explains that evil is bad and a good God want to get rid of it and he would know exactly how to do that. So if evil still exist then God must not exist accordingRead MoreWhy Evil Exists Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesWhy Evil Exists After the World War II and the Holocaust, many Jewish and Christian people were left wondering why God would let such a thing happen. Many felt estranged, as if God had somehow abandoned them in their most desperate time of need. The world needed an explanation as to why God would let such a thing happen to his so-called children. This need for an explanation of why evil exists in a world that is supposed to have been created by an all-powerful and all-loving God hasRead MoreAnalysis of Evil in Peter Van Inwagen ´sThe Argument from Evil 1212 Words   |  5 Pagespaper by Peter Van Inwagen, â€Å"The Argument from Evil†. Inwagen’s paper attempts to give a possible reason for why there is evil in this world. However, this essay will attempt to give reasons for why Inwagen’s reason for evil does not explain evil without compromising God’s essential quality of moral perfection. Inwagen sets the basic format for the problem of evil as thus: God has â€Å"non-negotiable† properties of omnipotence and moral perfection, there is evil in this world, if an omnipotent and morallyRead MoreThe Existence Of Moral And Natural Evil1263 Words   |  6 Pagesexistence of moral and natural evil with the perception of an Omni-max god that encompasses three key properties; omnibenevolence all-good or all-loving, omnipotence all-powerful, and omniscience all-knowing. High theology accepts that God does exist in the universe as the greatest being of the Omnis, whereas low theology acknowledges the existence of God without one of the key properties of the Omni-max god. The various defenses that aim to solve the problem of evil that include the Soul-Making,Read MoreMiltons Paradise Lost and His Justification of the Ways of God to Man.1418 Words   |  6 Pageswondered why God allowed evil, and why he allowed death. After a while I had simply accepted that God was God, and what happens, happens. Basically an act of pure faith. Then I read Paradise Lost and as a Christian I do feel that Miltons artistic vision has successfully helped him accomplish what he had set out to do. Staying true to the teachings of Christianity, his perception of mans fall has made sense of why there is evil in the world. Not because of God, but because of the free will God has grantedRead MoreThe Logical Problem Of Evil1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe logical problem of evil is often referred to as the inconsistent triad, this being that the following propositions; God is omnipotent, omnibenevolent and evil exists, are inconsistent. Also known as a reduction ad absurdum argument, whereby all three propositions cannot be true together. Theists, like Swinburne, come to the conclusion that the three propositions are compatible with one another, whereas atheists, like Mackie, believe that they are incompatible and therefore God does not existRead MoreEvil And The Free Will Defe nse Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagesloving. Although, how come there is evil in the world with such an angelic God?   If God cares and loves us- wouldnt he prevent the suffering if he could? Since he is all powerful, he should be able to eliminate the suffering that evil brings. It seems we only have two potential answers: either God is not loving and all powerful, or God does not exist. Although, I am going to try to give an alternative answer and possibly explain how God could coexist with evil. In order to fully understand the argumentRead MoreEssay on The Problem of Evil1269 Words   |  6 PagesPhil 300 The Problem of Evil One of the most interesting questions in the world is, â€Å"If a God exists, why is there evil in the world?† Most people respond with, â€Å"If God created the universe and us, then there should not be evil in the world,† when asked about God or any other powerful being. The problem of evil is also believed to be the cause of Atheism, and I do believe that there is a solution for this. The problem of evil is not a correct argument. The arguments from evil state that ifRead MoreEssay on The Problem with Evil in Religion1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe problem of evil is widely considered as the most detrimental problem to the monotheist. It is also the primary objection to the overall existence of God. The problem is very easy to comprehend: If God is an all-perfect, all-knowing, all-powerful deity then why do we live in a world with any imperfection or negativity at all? Why do bad things happen at all? Especially to the good people in the world and the millions of innocent people who suffer on a daily basis. Gottfreid Leibniz was a philosopher

Does man survive better under natural law or civilized law Free Essays

When asked this question, the first thing that pops into mind is what both of these mean. Civilized law is our current position in society, and natural law exists among people who are not a part of mainstream society. If taking the side of civilized law, one could argue how advanced and fortunate people have become. We will write a custom essay sample on Does man survive better under natural law or civilized law or any similar topic only for you Order Now We are starting to witness the beginning of a new era. It is full of information and technology, and it will decide how the future is going to be. But despite all our new inventions and ideas that show us how we’re better than the generations before us, have we grown in any other ways? Does being under civilized law only mean becoming more advanced technologically, or does it also apply to our morals as well? Obviously, society has developed a lot in learning and technology. Today we have inventions such as the computer and nuclear power plants. Things that were never imagined long ago can be easily found today. Machines alleviate us of a lot of hard work that had to be done by hand, so in this sense; we have become more fortunate under civilized law. On the other hand though, not all the technology we have is used for good. Society has produced many weapons specialized to kill large quantities of people. Many people have to live in constant fear of these weapons, while others use them for protection. We still have as many wars as we did in the past, but now the new technology used in them helps bring about more casualties. Could this be, by far, crueler than what our ancestors could ever possibly do to one another under the time of natural law? Besides the wars, society has not grown in understanding other people. There is still prejudice today. Many hate groups like the KKK are still around, and many new ones have come into being. In the past when our country was just starting to be formed, there were prejudices just because people were different. Over 100 years later, people haven’t changed much, and there is still prejudice, making one wonder if we have become a more knowledgeable society under the concept of civilized law. Technically we have become civilized under this concept. Society, though, cannot determine if this sort of ? civilized nature? is for the better or for the worse. Under civilized law we have created new inventions and ideas, however our morals have converted to a more barbaric state. The growing amounts of war, hatred, and acts of violence are demeaning to our current society. The concept of civilized law, whether intentional or not, has destroyed man. Maybe not technologically, but morally. How to cite Does man survive better under natural law or civilized law, Essay examples

Marketing Strategy of a Business-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategy of a Business. Answer: Introduction Marketing strategy is a business which is a scheme for connecting people to provide them the product or services that the industry or the business delivers to the customers. The marketing strategy of a particular company has the companys value proposition , key marketing strategies , facts about the targeted customer (Stolyarova and Rialp 2014) . An organization or companys strategy is the mixture of all the marketing achievements into a one combined plan (Ibrahim and Wang 2016) . The marketing strategy is the basis of a marketing plan. LOreal is a French cosmetics company , the headquarter of the company is at Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine. The founder of this company was Eugene Schuller. It is one of the worlds largest cosmetics company and has products in the field of cosmetics. They are hair colour, skin care, sun protection, make-up, perfume and hair care. LOreal is expanded into different countries like Australia, England, France, India, Ukraine and various other countries. The main a im of the LOreal company is to deliver beauty products to all people of all over India (Sequeira 2013). It also supports the local communities in maintaining the beauty products. Its vision has the company to reach the hearts of many people especially to the women. Opportunities and Threat Analysis Loreal is very efficient in formulating organic cosmetic products. These have strong demand in all over the world. As LOreal uses less chemicals , the product is very fruitful for the people who are very conscious of their health and do not want to use anything which hampers the skin and health. Moreover, LOreal also provides great scope to the employees. It also provides a luxurious scope to the customers with different innovative s products for the customers. The threats of the Loreal Company are that during the time of recession it has a huge impact in the selling of the products. This is because LOreal are cosmetic products, so s during the time of global economic crisis people will feel reluctant to buy the beauty products. Hence, during any kind of economic crisis the company will be unable to attract customers from the global market. It can be considered there are various brands in the cosmetic industry .Moreover new brands are still coming in the market. LOreal has to compete with the international brands like Mac, Estee Lauder, Kao and others. Some customers tend to change their brands from time to time. The preference changes or some people like to use new things, in that case it can be considered that this is one of the major threat to LOreal. The reason behind this is if the company every time has to change its products design and framework, then it has to invest a huge range of money in the research and development and in the manufacturing of the products. Five Forces Analysis Competitive Rivalry The LOreal company concentrates on the competitive advantage of the company. For this reason it tries to invest on research and development for the innovation of new types of products. There are certain conditions for which high competition occurs (Dubois, 2017). They are mainly huge number of consumer brand crisis , global financial crisis, sometimes every LOreal product up to same quantity is not there in the market , rival group selling the same products. The rival groups of this company are Garnier, Vella, Avon and others. It can be said that LOreal in its marketing and promotional strategy mainly take the help of media and renowned celebrities in different countries who promote this brand. Estee Luder and Clinique has also started to promote it products by advertising s and promoting tools in including billboard, guerilla and outdoor advertisements suppose using local buses with the brand name and the use of its products (Dubois 2017). Buyer Power It can be said when the customers who are much loyal and favoured for the products and services of the company. These type of customers buy the products even when the price of the product changes or elastic (Milbradt 2013). This is called inelastic demand. This is the strength of the LOreal. There are customers who regularly buy the Loreal products because it suit their skin and hair. As the quantity of inelastic customer increases then there is much less chance of bargaining for the products (Arjalis and Mundy 2013). Bargaining Leverageis the power that one side of a negotiation has to influence the other side to move closer to accept their negotiation. But the customers who buy this type of products do not have any This is one of the positive aspects of the LOreal company . Supplier Power Supply chain management is one of the important factors of any industry. Any industry may be it is cosmetic products or others it needs basic raw material . Thus there is a group of suppliers which delivers the materials for the production of the products or particular services. If a company has a huge range of supplies then the bargaining power of the suppliers become much less (Daft 2015). Fortunately the LOreal company have innumerable supplier so the bargaining power of the suppliers of this company are much less. If the company has a huge reputation, large quantity of customers and huge amount of profit then the suppliers does not have much strength on bargaining. This is because the company will attract huge number of suppliers. If the opposite happens then it becomes the companys overall rating is not good. New Entrants A new entry signifies the entry of new products to the global market. In order to compete or put barriers to the entry of the products and services some marketing strategies needed to be followed. For example the LOreal company has to increase its quality, marketing strategies and reasonable pricing which paves the way to remain consistent in the market. This is because sometimes the new companies or firms enter into the market because of high- quality products, reasonable price and proper advertisement and promotion. The competitor of the LOreal are Avon, Revlon, Garnier and others. This is the international brands, there are also local brands of every region . LOreal has to face a tough competition but it has able to retain its market-value because of its worldwide recognition. Though they have global market but they can influence the local region. They manufacture things for different age groups an d different purpose. Thus, in this way they attract huge number of customers. The c ompany does not make any compromise with the quality of the products and distribution system. Threat of Substitution A threat of substitutes occurs when a products demand is much affected by the change of the cost of a substitute product. This is because the chemicals in the shampoo and other bath and body products is much harmful not only for skin but also for the health of the customers. Thus, for this reason many industries are producing cosmetics of herbs so that it does not hamper the customers. LOreal tries to give organic products, but they are not totally free of chemicals. Inspite of its worldwide recognition many herbal companies are coming into the market (Aires, Drillon and Viravau ). Lotus Herbal which is Indias leading herbal company is nowadays getting reward in countries other than India. Conclusion One can know from the five porter analysis that though LOreal product is worldwide famous, it is very much important to take certain marketing strategies so that it can help them to maintain their reputation and consistency every time. It can be considered that every time or the other a new cosmetic product is launched by the other beauty companies, every company in order to compete in the global market will apply different other strategies and inventive designs or raw material to manufacture their products. So, the LOreal company have to be very particular about their marketing strategies which includes 4Ps of marketing. Promotion of the product by the help of TVs, internet and hoardings are much necessary (Werbach 2013). The product of LOreal is spread to different other regions of world. So, the managers of the company have to decide the price of the product accordingly. The other P which means product has to be very innovative, healthy and reasonable for people of all sections. Another P is place, the leaders and mangers of the company have to select such a emerging market that it can earn profit and fame to the company. Marketing Mix Marketing Mix is mainly used to provide proper offer to the customer, to make the offer accessible and convenient to the customers. Sometimes the company faces cultural restrictions to attain its own goal. It is discussed in the conclusion about four elements of marketing mix such as promotions, packaging display, physical handling, fact finding and analysis , personal selling, advertisement, branding and product planning, channels of distribution and servicing. It is explained in the conclusion about the four elements of product, place, promotion, and Price. Apart from this issues, LOreal company has shown considerable improvement in its channel of distribution while spreading the product into different other regions and opening outlet in various other places across the world. The service quality of the company is very much good because it tries to innovate and research and manufacture different new cosmetic things for the needs of different consumers. The most important thing need to be done by the LOreal company is to analysis its profit and loss of the products launched by it. This will help the company to focus on its weakness and strenghth. Pestel Analysis Pestel analysis stands for "Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal analysis". It is a part of the external analysis and market research. It mainly provides information regarding the macro factors of the society. Political factors:- LOreal can be threatened by the political rules of the different companies . Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labour law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include restrictions on import of goods and services which the government wants to provide (Tournois and Tournois 2016). The legislation for advertising and promoting the products in particular region also affects LOreal. There is also problem regarding the factor that if s LOreal makes product of chemical elements, the company can be attacked by the government measures in that case. But it does not do it , so it has a less chance of threatening. Economic factors- The economic factors includes economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate in all the countries, which they are operating in. L'Oreal in the year 2004 was been affected by the continues weakness of the dollar and other currencies. The ups and down of the currencies affect a market of a company , exchange rates also play a huge role in it. Social factors - L'Oreal's business in worldwide recognized. It is highly associated with the life of the communities in which they resides. Other factors like culture, health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career decision is inclusive of all the social elements. Societal factors always keeps on changing. Technological factors - It includes the ecological and environmental aspects, such as RD activity, and about the transformation of the technological factors. . (Eugene Scheller Some of the innovation has been adopted by the LOreal company from the ingredients of Eugene Scheller and has transformed the technological innovation in many ways. This technological change can bring restraints to entry, less efficient production level and influence in outsourcing decisions. Finally, it can be said that technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and the elements of the product (Velsquez and Meunier 2017). Environmental factors - The main factor includes weather, climate, and climate change, which is especially affects the industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. The company should be more conscious about the environmental factors and must prevent themselves from violating the environmental regulations. It enhances the Corporate Social Responsibility of the Company and also helps to remain ahead of other companies (Kirkwood and Walton, 2014). Legal factors - It include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law (McGugan et al. 2016). The Legislations are the important factors which can impact positively or negatively to the company. Conclusion In the end, it can be inferred that apart from the marketing strategy, LOreal must follow the different aspects of corporate social responsibility. This is because if the company fails to do it, then even if the marketing strategies are excellent, the company feel fall prey into the external factors like environmental, legal and political factors. Another important thing is besides profit making policies, companies have to think about the employment engagement policies of the company. The company must be also dedicate to sponsor certain beauty courses for the people who have come from poor background References Aires, C., Drillon, D. and Viravau, V., L'oreal, 2016.Cosmetic composition comprising at least one organosilicon compound, at least two anionic surfactants and at least one amphoteric surfactant. U.S. Patent 9,248,083. Arjalis, D.L. and Mundy, J., 2013. The use of management control systems to manage CSR strategy: A levers of control perspective.Management Accounting Research,24(4), pp.284-300. Daft, R.L., 2015.Organization theory and design. Cengage learning. Demerens, F., Le Manh, A., Delvaille, P. and Par, J.L., 2014. An ex ante analysis of change in reporting methods: the example of Joint Ventures.Gestion 2000,31(4), pp.65-89. Draelos, Z.D. ed., 2015.Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley Sons. Dubois, D., 2017. Digital and Social Strategies for Luxury Brands. InLuxusmarkenmanagement(pp. 327-337). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Gomes, R.M.D.A.B., Paula, F.D.O. and Macedo-Soares, T.D.L.V.A.D., 2017. Strategic alliances of shopping centers in Brazil: network perspective.Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management,15(2). Gregory, A., 2015.Planning and managing public relations campaigns: a strategic approach. Kogan Page Publishers. Ibrahim, M.H. and Wang, Z.Z., 2016. The Rise of Agri-Business Enterprises Desire towards Market Shares and the Need for Global Strategic Marketing Management.Journal of Global Economics. Kirkwood, J. and Walton, S., 2014. How green is green? Ecopreneurs balancing environmental concerns and business goals.Australasian Journal of Environmental Management,21(1), pp.37-51. McGugan, J.R., Byrd, G.D., Roland, A.B., Caty, S.N., Kabir, N., Tapia, E.E., Trauger, S.A., Coloma, L.A. and OConnell, L.A., 2016. Ant and mite diversity drives toxin variation in the Little Devil poison frog.Journal of chemical ecology,42(6), pp.537-551. Milbradt, L.A., 2013.Sunlover and its Internationalization to Germany(Doctoral dissertation, NSBE-UNL). Santos, F., Pache, A.C. and Birkholz, C., 2015. 5 Making hybrids work: Aligning business models and organizational design for social enterprises (Paper IV).Christoph Birkholz,153. Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2016. Global Branding and Communication. InGlobal Marketing Strategy(pp. 153-176). Springer International Publishing. Sequeira, T.C.F., 2013.How to optimize the traditional retail market for FMCG sector? A Regional approach for Unilevers Business Model(Doctoral dissertation, NOVASchool of Business and Economics). Stolyarova, E. and Rialp, J., 2014. Synergies among advertising channels: An efficiency analysis.Journal of Promotion Management,20(2), pp.200-218. Tournois, L. and Tournois, L., 2016. When markets stagnate: finding new territory through reverse innovation.Journal of Business Strategy,37(6), pp.18-27. Velsquez, A. and Meunier, L., 2017. COMPARATIVE MARKETING ANALYSIS OF THE UK AND GERMANY FOR GLOBAL SUSTAIN. Werbach, A., 2013.Strategy for sustainability: A business manifesto. Harvard Business Press.

Robert E. Lee Essays (1877 words) - Fitzhugh Family Of Virginia

Robert E. Lee Throughout history, there have been people whose names and faces have become synonymous with the time periods in which they lived. For example, Julius Caesar is synonymous with the late Roman Republic and George Washington is synonymous with the American Revolution. Just like these two men, the name Robert E. Lee has become synonymous with the American Civil War. Not only did Lee rise to become the most important and recognizable person in the Southern Confederacy, but his honor and virtuous acts during and after the war made him a hero to modern-day Americans. Even though he fought for what many consider the morally erroneous side of the war, the virtues of his character have made him a figure in American history that should be honored and remembered. Robert Edward Lee was born at Stratford Westmoreland County, Virginia, on January 19, 1807. Lee was the fourth of five children (the third son) of Ann Hill Carter Lee and Henry (?Light-Horse Harry?) Lee. Two children of Henry Lee's first marriage also lived with the family (Thomas 916). Henry Lee had been a hero during the Revolutionary War and served as the governor of Virginia and a member of Congress. By the time Robert was born, his father's fortune and estates were in shambles. Henry Lee was never very good at managing his estates and in 1809, was forced into prison due to the severity of his debts. Three years later, freed from jail, he was involved in a political brawl in Baltimore where he was beaten and disfigured for life. In an attempt to flee from debtors and reconsolidate his money, Henry Lee fled to Barbados. He died in 1818, never having seen his family again. Robert E. Lee's older half-brother Henry Lee Jr., further dishonored the family in 1820 when it was discovered that he had seduced and impregnated his wife's nine-teen year old sister. Despite the mistakes his father and brother made, Lee managed to grow learning the ways of a true Southern gentleman. The departure of his father and two older half-brothers made Lee the man of the house at an early age. His mother, Ann Carter, raised Lee in modest circumstances and helped him to learn standard of conduct. Lee grew up in modest conditions, and though he received the normal education for someone of his class, he had to earn his own living and didn't live the easy-going plantation life that most members of his family did. Since his mother did not have sufficient cash to send Lee to go to college, he chose instead to enter West Point military and academy. He entered in 1825 at the age of 18. At West Point Lee excelled tremendously. He finished second in his class and didn't receive one demerit during his four years there (A feat that has yet to be repeated since then). Lee entered Engineer Corps after graduation where he was employed to build and maintain military insta llations and assist the Federal Government in the enormous work of providing internal improvements in order to settle border disputes on the frontier lands. Lee married Mary Custis in July of 1831. Mary Custis was the daughter of Mary Fitzhugh Custis and George Washington Custis, who was the adopted son of George Washington. Lee became the heir to Washington although the marriage did not bring Lee any financial benefits until Mary's father died in 1857. Until then, he had to support his wife and 7 children almost solely on his army officer's salary. During this time his contemporaries almost always regarded Lee in a positive manner. He was very handsome and made friends easily with both sexes. People often used the adjective ?noble' to describe him. He never smoked, only drank an occasional glass of wine and always kept his temper. He was a good son to his mother, who he personally nursed through her final illness, a good husband to his, often selfish, wife and a good father to his children. ?He was quiet and dignified in manner, of cheerful disposition, always a gentleman (Earle 28).? Lee served on the staff of his West Point friend Winfield Scott during the Vera Cruz campaign to Mexico City during the war

Free Essays on Americas Horrific Teen Drivers

America’s Horrific Teen Drivers In America, driving is the main source of transportation. Being an American teenage driver myself, I clearly remember dreaming about that golden day I’d be allowed to get my driver’s license. American teenagers place driving, being the first major milestone in the transition into adulthood, on a pedestal. The idea of being able to come and go as you please without calling mom for a ride is every teen’s ideal world. Dates, parties, and many other weekend activities become options thanks to a driver’s license. However, stepping behind the wheel furnishes a lot of responsibility teenagers are just not equipped to handle. Issues regarding driving ability and safety can sometimes be too much for the selfish teenage frame of mind, more concerned with having a good time and impressing their friends, to handle. The awful reputation of teen drivers is due not only to the confused period of adolescence, but also insufficient testing procedures and self impose d distractions while driving. Combining these factors makes American teens the most dangerous presence on the road. Becoming the stereotypical bad teen driver is a simple process. The first step is passing the written test, which when you look back, was much easier than persuading your parents to let you take it. Pennsylvania’s testing procedure is a prime example of America’s insufficient practices. The written permit test, which when passed, grants the driving student a permit to practice with another licensed driver. The Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) provides a manual of laws and other guidelines to study from. The permit test consists of only eighteen questions and fifteen correct is passing. What are these people thinking, that one short, simple test is enough to assess a teen on rules and regulations of driving? Teens are experts when it comes to cramming for a test without the information actually sinking in; this ... Free Essays on Americas Horrific Teen Drivers Free Essays on Americas Horrific Teen Drivers America’s Horrific Teen Drivers In America, driving is the main source of transportation. Being an American teenage driver myself, I clearly remember dreaming about that golden day I’d be allowed to get my driver’s license. American teenagers place driving, being the first major milestone in the transition into adulthood, on a pedestal. The idea of being able to come and go as you please without calling mom for a ride is every teen’s ideal world. Dates, parties, and many other weekend activities become options thanks to a driver’s license. However, stepping behind the wheel furnishes a lot of responsibility teenagers are just not equipped to handle. Issues regarding driving ability and safety can sometimes be too much for the selfish teenage frame of mind, more concerned with having a good time and impressing their friends, to handle. The awful reputation of teen drivers is due not only to the confused period of adolescence, but also insufficient testing procedures and self impos ed distractions while driving. Combining these factors makes American teens the most dangerous presence on the road. Becoming the stereotypical bad teen driver is a simple process. The first step is passing the written test, which when you look back, was much easier than persuading your parents to let you take it. Pennsylvania’s testing procedure is a prime example of America’s insufficient practices. The written permit test, which when passed, grants the driving student a permit to practice with another licensed driver. The Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) provides a manual of laws and other guidelines to study from. The permit test consists of only eighteen questions and fifteen correct is passing. What are these people thinking, that one short, simple test is enough to assess a teen on rules and regulations of driving? Teens are experts when it comes to cramming for a test without the information actually sinking in; this ...

English Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English Literature - Essay Example Antigone tells Ismene that she wants her brother given a proper burial despite Creon’s decree. For Antigone family honor and the responsibilities that go along with it are much more important than the order of the ruler, Creon. Ismene, upon hearing her sister’s plans, tells Antigone that she would not go against the edict of Creon. For Ismene family considerations are not so important, rather it is the edict of the ruler that she would rather obey. As she puts it, both of them are women and are required not only to be subservient to the ruler, but also to men; they should not try to hold their own against these two authorities. Ismene states that it is their duty as women not only to obey Creon’s edict regarding their brother, but also any other decree that might be even more oppressive. Hearing this distresses Antigone a great deal. She feels it is her responsibility, as a sister to Polyneices, to afford him a burial at least. Antigone feels that Ismene is not t rue to her familial calling, and she feels disgust at the latter’s opinion on the matter. Antigone does not believe that her status as a woman, or as a subject of Creon, should stop her from fulfilling the duty that she owes her brother. She is so repulsed upon hearing her sister’s views on this matter that she tells her that after hearing her views on the matter, she would not want Ismene to come and help her bury their brother, Polyneices, even if Ismene wanted to do it. This plainly shows how deeply ingrained the idea of familial obligation is in Antigone, and how appalled she is that her own sister would rather obey the law than fulfill the duty she owes her

Risk management in British Airways Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Risk management in British Airways - Essay Example The overall process has been designed in a manner that it remains an iterative process wherein the changes and implementation of the existing and new risk management practices are scrutinized on continuous basis.( Goh, 2011). British Airways (BA) has a separate Corporate Risk Management Group in place which not only oversees the organization wide risk management practices of the firm but is also involved in managing internal control systems of the company. The Corporate Risk Group is overseen by a management board and senior key executives to ensure that the involvement of the key senior managers remains so that required improvements could be achieved and the process is managed strategically. The existing risk management practices of BA involve not only the identification of the key risks and their drivers but also their mitigation and management. The overall process is monitored at the Board Audit Committee level and involves senior management to provide an independent review and in sight into the risk management practices of the firm. Current Risk Management Process The current risk management process and its infrastructure within the organization are based on a combination of independence and authority. BA has put in place a separate risk management group which has the overall responsibility of managing the corporate risk affairs of the firm. The group is headed by the Head of Corporate Risk and Internal Controls and oversees different aspects of the risk management process. Further, there is a supervisory management board which comprises of the key senior managers of the firm to provide strategic insight and ownership to the strategic management process within the organization. (Rothwell, 2011). Company maintains a corporate risk register which is actually used for the purpose of identifying the risks and recording them for the purpose of review and assessment. The overall assessment process is based on quarterly reviews wherein the management board as well as the senior managers along with the Corporate Risk Managers evaluate the existing and new risks and determine the future course of action. It is also important to note that this is the highest level within the organization which actually assess and outlines the risk management processes within the organization. The work is further distributed to the individual departments and risk leaders within each department responsible for the management of risk at the departmental and individual level. It is also important to note that the risk at the individual level is measured through an internally developed matrix called Heat Map. Heat Map takes into account each individual risk based on its likely impact and the overall likely scale.1 This therefore allows BA to map its overall risk identification process according to the overall importance and impact of the risk on the organization. Once the different critical risks are identified, mitigating factors for managing the risk are identified and are each risk is individually managed. A report is finally produced which attempt to address different risk issues and responsibilities and accountabilities are than fixed at the individual level to ensure that the overall process is delegated to the lowest level of the organization. It is also critical to understand that this report usually do not contain the mapped results and critical actions required to be undertaken. This is purposefully done by BA in order to

Red Lobster Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Red Lobster - Case Study Example Initially, the proposition was to make an easy to utilize programming bundle that did not require exceedingly a lot of computing force. MapInfo gave the first instruments to Microsoft that permitted them to incorporate mapping usefulness in their items, particularly the mapping extra marked as Microsoft Map for Microsoft Excel as a major aspect of MS Office 95. A Geographic Information System known as GIS view shed is the aftereffect of a capacity that decides, given a territory model, which territories on a guide or rather a map can be seen from a given point or rather focuses, line or range. In the communication industry, this capacity can be utilized to model radio wave scopes and to site handset towers for cell phones. However, there are lapses included with this capacity and, without the essential information; it cant represent building statures that may influence perceivability in urban zones. It is a crucial aspect for one to precisely show observable pathway which is well known as the line of sight, LOS of the radio wave scopes with a specific end goal to secure the feasibility of supplanting existing field routines with a geographical information system view shed analysis (Monedero, et al. 2008, p. 337). An inception point equipped for supporting a line of sight of a radio wave transmitter is to be chosen, for instance, from inside the Virginia Tech grounds study region which is the best zone for source point. A view shed analysis is then performed with ESRIs ArcView geographical information system, utilizing this site as the perception point and a 30 meter determination Digital Elevation Model, DEM from the United States Geological Survey is likewise compelling for that. To check the exactness of the view shed, it is fitting to transmit at 27.5 GHz, a line of sight of recurrence that ought to have properties regularly in the wireless telecommunication industry. Also, the use of Super Pad 3.1a as a geographical information system

An analysis of Strategic management

An analysis of Strategic management Initially strategic management was of most use to large corporations operating in multiple industries. Increasing risk of error, costly mistakes and even economic ruin are causing todays professional managers in all organizations to take strategic management seriously in order to keep their company competitive in an increasing volatile environment. (Frery 2006) Different authors have described strategic management as followed: The strategic management is used to present to strategic formulation, implementation and evaluation with strategic planning referring only the strategy formulation (Pearce Robinson 2000) the intention of the strategic management is to develop and produce new and different opportunities for future. As Mr. Potter refers that Strategy is the direction of an organization over the long term which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and competences with the fulfilling stakeholder expectations. This in turn led to organizational development activities as reorganizing, new definitions of roles, jobs and etc. (Potter 1996) And also it can be carried in the strategic management is that set of managerial decision and action that determines the long run performance of a corporation. It includes environment scanning (both external and internal).strategic formulation (strategic or long range planning), strategic implementation and evaluation and control. As this definition implies, strategic management focuses on integrating management, marketing, finance, and production / operations, research and development and computer information system to achieve organizational success. (Hoskisson, Hitt Wan 1999) The study of strategic management therefore emphasizes the monitoring and evaluating of external opportunities and threats in light of a corporations strengths and weaknesses. Strategic management as a field of study incorporates the integrative concerns of business policy with a heavier environmental and strategic emphasis. Therefore strategic management has tended to replace business policy as the preferred name of the field. (Hoskisson, Hitt Wan 1999) The strategic management is a core area for an organization in order to explore the problems which result in success or failure. Strategic management has been defined as that set of decisions and actions which lead to the development of an effective strategy or strategies to help achieve corporate objectives. (Luffman, Lea, Sanderson and Kenny 1996) Basic stages of strategic management: The strategic management process consists of four basic stages. Environmental scanning, strategic formulation, strategic implementation, and evaluation and control. Environmental scanning:- Before an organization can begin strategy formulation, it must scan the environment to identify possible opportunities and threats and as well the strength and weaknesses. Environmental scanning is the monitoring, evaluating and disseminating of information from the internal and the external environments to key people within the organization. A organization use this method to avoid strategic surprise and to ensure its long term health. Research has found a positive relationship between environmental scanning and profit (Thomas, Clark Gioia 1993) Strategic formulation:- This is the expansion of the long range plans for the effective management of environmental opportunities and threats as well as the organization strength and weakness. It consist of defining the corporate mission, identify achievable objective, rising strategies the setting policies. Strategy formulation issue include deciding what new business to enter, what businesses to abandon, how to allocate resources, whether to expand operations or identify, whether to enter international markets, whether to merge or form a joint venture and how to avoid a hostile. Because every organizations have limited resources itself. So strategists ought to decide which alternative strategy will be benefit for the firm most. Top managers have the best perception of understanding effect of strategy formulation and they are the persons who have the authority to commit the resources necessary for implementation. (Hitt Michael 2006.) Strategic implementation:- Strategic implementation is the most difficult stage in strategic management. This process requires a firm to establish annual objectives, devise policies, motivate employees and allocate resources for the implementation of the formulated strategies. This is the process that converts the strategies and policies in to the action through the development of programs. Strategy implementation includes developing a strategy-supportive culture, creating an effective organizational structure, redirecting marketing efforts, plan the budgets, developing and utilizing information system and linking employee payment to organization performance. (Hitt Michael 2006.) Evaluation and control:- Strategic evaluation is the final stage in the strategic management. The purpose of this process is to evaluate the actual performance of an organization to do the comparison with the desire result. Because the strategic management processes were inappropriately used, operational managers must know about it. So that they can correct the employee activity. Evaluating and controlling is the major element of the strategic management to identify the weaknesses in previous executed strategic planes and thus stimulated the entire process to begin again. And all strategies are the subject to future modification because external and internal factors are continuously changing. Followings are the three fundamental strategy evaluation activities Reviewing external and internal factors that are the bases for current strategies. Measuring performance. Talking corrective action. (Hitt Michael 2006.) The phases of the strategic management: A firm generally evolves through the following four basic phases of strategic management Basic financial planning (phase. 1):- The project is based on the analysis very little proposed with the most information from the organization. The sales typically offer the small amount of environmental protection, information. Such simple operational planning is only pretending, strategic management, and it is quite time consuming. The time horizon is usually one year. (Gluck, Kaufman Welleck 1982) Forecast based planning (phase.2):- In addition to internal information, managers gather available data from environment to extrapolate the current trend of five years and future. This phase also time consuming. The process gets very political as managers compete for larger share and funds. The time horizon is usually three to five years. (Gluck, Kaufman Welleck 1982) Externally oriented planning (phase.3):- Top level management controls the planning process by the introduction of strategic planning. The company tries to increase its responsiveness to changing markets and competition through strategic thinking. Top management typically develops five-year plan with the help of consultants but input from lower levels. (Gluck, Kaufman Welleck 1982) Strategic management (phase.4):- The employees at many levels from various departments and works groups develop and integrate a serious of strategic plans aimed at achieving the companys primary objectives. The complicated annual five years plan is replaced with the help of all levels of the organization throughout the year. (Gluck, Kaufman Welleck 1982) Levels of strategic management: Strategy exists at a number of levels in an organization. They are, Corporate level strategy:- This is concerned about the overall scope of an organization and how value will be added to the different units of an organization. Corporate strategy tropically fit with the three main categories of stability, expansion and reduction of expenditure. (Ansoff 2002) According to Michael potter, a firm must formulate a business strategy that incorporates cost leadership, differentiation or focus in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage and long term success in its chosen areas or industries. (Potter 1993). Alternatively, according to Kim and Mauborgne, an organization can achieve high growth and profits by creating a blue ocean strategy that breaks the previous value cost trade off by simultaneously pursuing both differentiation and low cost. (Kim Mauborgne 2007) Eg:- Nicholas piramal follower a corporative growth strategy in order to have more share formulation drugs In corporate strategy, Johnson, Scholes and Whittington present models in which strategic option are evaluated against three key success criteria, Suitability (would it work?) Feasibility (can it be made to work) Acceptability (will they work it) (Johnson, Scholes Whittington 2008) Business level strategy:- The second level is business level strategy which is about how various businesses included in the business strategy and compete in their particular markets. Because of this reason business strategy is called as competitive strategy. This typically concerns issues such as pricing strategy, innovation or differentiation instance by better quality. So where ever corporate level strategy involves decision about the overall organization as a whole, strategic decision related to particular strategic business unit within the overall organization. (Johnson, Scholes Whittington 2008) According to Potters statement The business strategy must be maintained continually, in line with changes in the business and its environment. It should be formally reviewed at least annually as part of the business planning round; it provides the context for progress reporting on strategic themes. (Potter 1993). The business strategy must always show progress against plans to date, to enable planners to determine the current business environment and the impact that specific change programs and projects will have on the organization as a whole. There must be accurate, timely information about: Major investments to date, the corporate risk register, For each major investment, the risks associated with it. (Potter 1996) Operational strategy:- The third level of strategy is at the operating end of an organization. This is an approach taken by the functional areas to achieve the corporate objectives and strategies by maximizing the resources productivity.

The Good Earth :: Essays Papers

The Good Earth I was in a complete daze after reading Pearl S. Buck’s remarkable novel, The Good Earth. It was somewhat hard not to stop what I was doing afterwards and try to put myself in the characters’ shoes and visualize everything that happened in the book. I was so taken by the plot that I remember not wanting to put down the book till I knew what happened next in one of the conflicts in the story. Considering my reaction to it when I first got the book and my reaction to it now, you would really think it’s ironic. First of all I wasn’t quite happy when I found out about the reading we had to do and obviously not looking forward to reading having to squeeze it in my hectic after school schedule. I remember when I was at the bookstore and saw how thick of a book it was I thought to myself, â€Å"Great...here’s another long boring book.† But after reading it I eventually proved myself wrong and found out it was well worth reading it all the way thro ugh the last page. Pearl S. Buck did an outstanding job on the book’s vivid description of the characters, emphasizing the importance of Wang Lung’s land, and its sense of dramatic reality. The way the characters are described in the book you can really picture in your mind who they are. It’s very important to be able to visualize them because it helps you get to know them better as characters and have a better understanding of the book. One vivid description is O-lan’s, Wang Lung’s wife. â€Å"Wang Lung turned to the woman and looked at her for the first time. She had a square, honest face, a short, broad nose with large black nostrils, and her mouth was wide as a gash in her face. Her eyes were small and of a dull black color, and were filled with some sadness that was not clearly expressed. It was a face that seemed habitually silent and unspeaking, as though it could not speak if it would.† (p.19) As I was reading this I got the impression that O-lan would be a faithful wife to Wang Lung and it turned out I was right. The fact that she wasn’t beautiful didn’t matter at all. She served her family well. Another meaningful desc ription is Lotus’, Wang Lung’s first mistress, which has an irony to it if you compare it to O-lan’s.

A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving

This book makes good use of the way by which John Irving expresses his imaginative ideas with the use of his solid and humorous style.   The book manages to keep the reader’s attention focused on the story because of the clear writing style that Irving employs.The way that John Irving narrates this story however is the main reason that it is a very good book.The method by which this novel is narrated is my favorite aspect of it. Three significant stories interlock in this narrative: John and Owen's childhood, their adult life and John's life after Owen's death. (â€Å"A Prayer for Owen Meany,† Analytical Overview)The novel is told from the first person point of view, that of John’s. His narrative seems like he is rambling which is very characteristic of writing coming from streams of consciousness. We see the world through his eyes, which explains why the narrative keeps on skipping from scene to scene. (â€Å"A Prayer for Owen Meany: Analytical Overview†)The novel is written like a memoir, which indicates that most of John’s experiences were based or, more like, parallel with historical events such as the assassination of President Kennedy and the scandal of Iran-Contra. John’s views about these events sometimes overshadow his recollection of his childhood memories and his views about religion. (â€Å"A Prayer for Owen Meany: Analytical Overview†)The book’s study on John’s psychological confusion is difficult to understand. As it is told from his point of view, he constantly tries to shift the attention away from him and to the other characters and events that transpired throughout the story.His own feelings over the loss of Owen Meany shows how much damaged and torn his character truly is that his constant recollection and narration of the past reveals his desire to relive them, or perhaps his failure to live in the present. (â€Å"A Prayer for Owen Meany: Analytical Overview†)References:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Prayer for Owen Meany: Analytical Overview.† November 7, 2006.â€Å"Plot as Repetition: John Irving's Narrative Experiments.† November 7, 2006.   

Participant Observation -- Definition

Participant Observation Definition The participant observation method, also known as ethnographic research, is when a sociologist actually becomes a part of the group they are studying in order to  collect data and understand a social phenomenon or problem. During participant observation, the researcher works to play two separate roles at the same time: subjective participant and objective observer. Sometimes, though not always, the group is aware that the sociologist is studying them. The goal of participant observation is to gain a deep understanding and familiarity with a certain group of individuals, their values, beliefs, and way of life. Often the group in focus is a subculture of a greater society, like a religious, occupational, or particular community group. To conduct participant observation, the researcher often lives within the group, becomes a part of it, and lives as a group member for an extended period of time, allowing them access to the intimate details and goings-on of the group and their community. This research method was pioneered by anthropologists Bronislaw Malinowski and Franz Boas  but was adopted as a primary research method by many sociologists affiliated with the Chicago School of Sociology in the early twentieth century. Today, participant observation, or ethnography, is a primary research method practiced by qualitative sociologists around the world. Subjective Versus Objective Participation Participant observation requires the researcher to be a subjective participant in the sense that they use knowledge gained through personal involvement with the research subjects to interact with and gain further access to the group. This component supplies a dimension of information that is lacking in survey data. Participant observation research also requires the researcher to aim to be an objective observer and record everything that he or she has seen, not letting feelings and emotions influence their observations and findings. Yet, most researchers recognize that true objectivity is an ideal, not an actuality, given that the way in which we see the world and people in it is always shaped by our previous experiences and our positionality in the social structure relative to others. As such, a good participant observer will also maintain a critical self-reflexivity that allows her to recognize the way she herself might influence the field of research and the data she collects. Strengths and Weaknesses The strengths of participant observation include the depth of knowledge that it allows the researcher to obtain and the perspective of knowledge of social problems and phenomena generated from the level of the everyday lives of those experiencing them. Many consider this an egalitarian research method because it centers the experiences, perspectives, and knowledge of those studied. This type of research has been the source of some of the most striking and valuable studies in sociology. Some drawbacks or weaknesses of this method are that it is very time-consuming, with researchers spending months or years living in the place of study. Because of this, participant observation can yield a vast amount of data that might be overwhelming to comb through and analyze. And, researchers must be careful to remain somewhat detached as observers, especially as time passes and they become an accepted part of the group, adopting its habits, ways of life, and perspectives. Questions about objectivity and ethics were raised about sociologist Alice Goffmans research methods because some interpreted passages from her book  On the Run  as an admission of involvement in a murder conspiracy. Students wishing to conduct participant observation research should consult two excellent books on the subject:  Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes  by Emerson et al., and  Analyzing Social Settings, by Lofland and Lofland.

Finding and Recovering Unclaimed Money

Finding and Recovering Unclaimed Money Unclaimed money is money left behind in the form of forgotten bank accounts, utility deposits, wages, tax refunds, pensions, life insurance policies and more. In most cases, unclaimed money can be recovered by the rightful owners.   Both the state and federal governments may be holding unclaimed money and both provide resources for finding and recovering it. You Might Have Unclaimed Property If†¦ You have moved with or without- leaving a forwarding address. (Moving is the main source of abandoned utility deposits and bank account balances.)You have retired, been reassigned, or laid off from a job.You have not made a transaction on your checking or savings account for over three years.You have stopped payments on an insurance policy.You have an uncashed check made out to you more than 3 years agoYou regularly throw away your mail without reading it.You have noticed that regular dividend, interest, or royalty checks have stopped coming.You have settled a deceased family members estate. State Unclaimed Money Resources States are the best place to look for unclaimed money. Each state handles the reporting and collection of unclaimed property and each state has its own laws and methods for recovering unclaimed property. All 50 states have secure online unclaimed money and property search applications on their websites, along with information on how to claim and recover it. Unclaimed money most often held by the states comes in the form of: Utility deposits (very common), credit balances, store refunds State income tax refundsUncashed checksStock certificates or accounts, bonds, mutual fund accountsLife insurance policy proceedsUndistributed wagesChecking and savings accountsGift certificatesTravelers ChecksSafe deposit boxesRoyalty paymentsCourt awards or deposits Federal Unclaimed Money Resources Unlike the states, no single agency of the U.S. federal government can or will help people recover their unclaimed property. â€Å"There is no government-wide, centralized information service or database from which information on unclaimed government assets may be obtained. Each individual Federal agency maintains its own records and would need to research and release that data on a case-by-case basis,† states the United States Treasury Department. However, some individual federal agencies can help. Back Wages If you think you may be owed back wages from your employer, search the Department of Labor’s Wage and Hour Division’s online database of workers for whom it has money waiting to be claimed. Veteran’s Life Insurance Funds The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) maintains a searchable database of unclaimed insurance funds that are owed to certain current or former policyholders or their beneficiaries. However, the VA notes that the database does not include funds from Servicemembers’ Group Life Insurance (SGLI) or Veterans’ Group Life Insurance (VGLI) policies from 1965 to the present.   Pensions from Former Employers While it no longer offers a searchable database, the federal Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation offers information on companies that have gone out of business or ended a defined retirement plan without paying outstanding benefits. They also offer a list of non-government resources for finding unclaimed pensions. Federal Income Tax Refunds The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) may have unclaimed property in the form of unclaimed or undeliverable tax refunds. For example, the IRS may have refund money for persons who did have enough income in a given year to file returns. In addition, the IRS has millions of dollars in checks that are returned each year as undeliverable due to out-of-date address information. The IRS’ â€Å"Where’s My Refund† web service can be used to look for unclaimed tax refunds. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) may owe you money if your refund was unclaimed or undelivered. Banking, Investments, and Currency Bank Failures: Unclaimed funds from failed financial institutions can be recovered from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Credit Union Failures: Unclaimed funds from failed credit unions can be found through the National Credit Union Administration. SEC Claims Funds: The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) lists enforcement cases in which a company or person owes investors money. Damaged Money: The U.S. Treasury Department will in most cases exchange mutilated or damaged U.S. currency. Mortgages Persons had an FHA-insured mortgage may be eligible for a refund from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). To search the HUD mortgage refund database, you will need your FHA case number (three digits, a dash, and the next six digits- for example, 051-456789). US Savings Bonds The Treasury Department’s â€Å"Treasury Hunt† service allows people to search for forgotten savings bonds issued since 1974 that have matured and are no longer earning interest. In addition, the â€Å"Treasury Direct† service can be used to replace lost, stolen, or destroyed paper savings bonds. Unclaimed Money Scams Where there is money, there will be scams. Beware of anybody – including people claiming to work for the government – who promise to send you unclaimed money for a fee. Scammers use a variety of tricks to get your attention, but their goal is the same: to get you to send them money. Government agencies will not call you about unclaimed money or assets and as illustrated here, there are plenty of ways to get your money yourself. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) provides tips on how you can avoid government imposter scams.

Identify and explain the main causes of economic growth. b) Look at Coursework

Identify and explain the main causes of economic growth. b) Look at the country rankings of the UK, South Korea, Qatar and Equat - Coursework Example In the recent past years, the initiative of sustainable development intensification has led to development of additional factors such as environmentally sound process, which ought to be considered in the growth of an economy (Erikson & Stimson, 2002. p. 56). A factor that leads to an increase in total demand is one of the key causes of economic growth in any country. This can occur due various sources. However, an increase in total demand is a short-term cause. This is because whenever an economy of any country is at its full capacity, that country cannot produce any additional products or services to improve her economy. However, improvements or advancements in the labor forces, and quantity and quality of products and services will give room for the long-term economic growth through a heightening in productivity (Nordhaus, 2001, p. 23). Progression or advancement in technology has been one of indicators of economic growth in various states. Technological advancements in any country lead to a high and more productive economy of that given country, and this will accelerate economic growth. Every developing country and developed states have invested heavily in the technology industry in order to see their country economy grows quickly. According to Erikson and Stimson, advanced technology has improved service delivery and encouraged both local and foreign investments (Erikson & Stimson, 2002, P.56). There are few cases of unemployment in all countries with improved technology. This is because technological improvements have led to creation of job opportunities that see their citizens securing jobs and improving their living standards. Consequently, these local and foreign investments will accelerate economic growth despite the fact that the fresh capital goods or assets for example, machines, will be the exact source of the growth (Friedman, 2005). Deepening and widening capital is one of the causes of economic growth of a country. Capital widening takes place w hen investment rises and increases with the strengthening of the labor force. On the other hand, Capital Deepening takes place when capital increases while the labor force remains constant. Economists usually say that capital deepening is one of the most significant and necessary forms of investment (Nordhaus, 2001, p.23). Uses of land and mineral resources are the major causes of economic growth in both developed and developing countries. Proper utilization of mineral resources of a country depends heavily on government policies and regulations. Most of citizens in countries that have implemented strict policies have utilized their resources well, including land. Countries with double-digit economic growth have recorded proper utilization of their resources. In the economic growth globally, various countries have different situation and circumstances that are facilitating economic growth. For instance, the UK has a robust economy (Nordhaus, 2001, p.23). In the end, economic growth can take place due to increased capital, raised investment in new infrastructure, factories, increased labor productivity, and augment the working population or the discovery of fresh raw materials. Technological improvements can also facilitate or hinder economic growth (Friedman, 2005). Economic growth relies on investment and productivity, using available resources more efficiently and

Managing Radical Changes in an Organization Essay

Managing Radical Changes in an Organization - Essay Example The use of organizational teams by most organizations to implement radical changes has been a core recommendation by most scholars however, the requirements for these teams to be successful in the change implementation are not clear. However, the composition of the change teams and how they are selected, their motivation and influence of engaging with the employees on the need to make changing to the company, are critical to the success of the change implementation. In this study several theories are put in place to identify the strategies that any team carrying out change must observe for it to be successful. Nevertheless, the adoption-innovation theory, and the ability based theory of emotional intelligence proposes that the teams that observe the views of the employees, the team that uses the cognitive style will no fact be successful in the implementation of any form of change. Moreover, the leader of the team has a direct effect on the success of radical change implementation (A ntonakis 2009). ... While there might be several factors behind these failures, there is the underestimation of the quantity of time and the energy required that would create a new organizational culture so that the employees might be accepted and feel this change in the organization. Without employee engaging in any type of change, there is little realization of the profits or the required results. The organizational change is therefore a slow and dynamic process that needs careful planning. The external forces in the present economic and social environment have made many organizations to seek the best ways in which to adapt and implement the changes they need in the organization. Nevertheless, the need to maintain the legitimacy of the company and the need to maintain the viability of the resources (Armenakis 1999). Thus therefore, there is a need to focus on radical change initiatives for the organizations to benefit from any form of change they are about to implement. The radical changes in the mobi le banking industry are often associated with some form of risk and difficult to implement. Change Process Models According to Baron (1997), change is a slow and dynamic process in an organization. It consists of several phases that need to be successive. These he referred successive phases as â€Å"unfreezing, moving, and refreezing† (Barbuto 2006). Several other recent studies have based their ideas on this phase model and come up with related models that aim to show the practical aspect of the implementation of the radical changes by an organization. Baron (1997) asserts that the implementation of the radical changes in an organization is a daunting task and therefore throughout the

Water Quality And Waste Water Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Water Quality And Waste Water Management - Essay Example As a result these people become sick, develop serious illnesses, and die from water borne diseases(Drinking Water and Quality,2001).Inadequate water leads to poor sanitation and hygiene and malnutrition posing a major threat to humans; causing millions of deaths - particularly of children less than 5 years of age. Water crisis often forces people to use stagnant water for drinking and washing themselves who then fall victim to many different kind of diseases. 2. Water quality and quantity of concern In the United States most of the drinking water comes from surface or ground water sources. Researches show surface water from sources like rivers, streams, lakes is under environmental contamination of algal growth, geologic formations, waste water plant treatment discharges, agricultural discharges etc.The major concern with ground water resources is chemical contamination from arsenic and radon due to natural hydrology, contamination of soil from hazardous waste dumps and leaky undergr ound storage tanks . Water quality concerns in the developing countries are not limited to public health. Contamination of water by poisonous metals such as arsenic and mercury in mining activities are hazardous to the forest ecosystems and their bio-diversity. The United States is relatively water sufficient at 8,830 m3/person per yr.But a recent report generated by Tetra Tech for Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) shows that in the coming decades one out of three countries will face greater risk of water shortages due to global warming and climate change and may hamper economic development and agricultural production. In contrast water scarcity had been a matter of concern since decades in developing countries. Shortage of water often leads to water washed diseases as people cannot wash themselves, their homes or clothes regularly. These include eye infections like trachoma and skin diseases such as scabies. Over 200 million people are infected due to ingestion of worm eggs or larvae and the diseases causes 20,000 deaths a year. . In many developing nations women and young girls may take the responsibility to draw and carry the family’s water over miles. In long term carrying such heavy weights may damage their neck, head and spine and lead to problems in pregnancy and child birth (Pruss-Ustun and Bos, 2008). 3. Description of water quality and quantity issues Recent studies have shown that world population had increased 300% in 20th century and water demand 700%.In addition, 2 million tons of human waste is dumped annually into the rivers and streams around the globe. Ownership of water rights is complicated and not always clear. For example, water resources like well may belong to ‘X’ but the water rights may belong to ‘Y’. ‘Y’ may lease the water for use on land owned by ’Z’ (Goff L, 2004). Current capital investment is insufficient to maintain and renew existing facilities for public alrea dy having water supply and sanitation coverage. For example, an estimated US$ 52 billion (Bartram and Hutton, 2009) is needed annually and only around 25% of that ?nance is available. Studies have shown that the water supply targets are justified for all regions around the globe, but the sanitation targets are only unambiguously justified for the Americas. This is attributed to two factors: the costs of sanitation connections are about three times those of water supply and the benefits per connection are somewhat lower. It is reported that the costs of achieving the sanitation targets by 2015 exceed the benefits for many of the developing regions in Africa and Asia. The majority of

Zero Dark Thirty, Affecting America Essay Example for Free

Zero Dark Thirty, Affecting America Essay Describing the murder of Osama Bin Laden, Zero Dark Thirty remains top in the box office, garnering over five Oscar nominations and deeply affecting its audiences. Disturbing and poignant, this â€Å"R† rated production accurately depicts the nature of war in countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan, while viewers vicariously experience the violence of terror attacks and observe the involvement of America’s Military and Intelligence Communities. Scenes exhibiting torture techniques spark controversy, leading to discussions about the ethics surrounding their use. Lastly, the dramatic story highlights the career of Maya, a female CIA operative determined to bring about the capture of Osama Bin Laden. Zero Dark Thirty introduces viewers to the horrors of the war on terror and those who fight the battle, the controversial subject of torture, and the inspirational character Maya. While dinning at a premier Pakistani hotel, Maya and her fellow diners’ lives abruptly change when the room around them explodes, the result of a suicide bomb. Through the portrayal of events such as these, Zero Dark Thirty reveals the horrific conditions under which American military and intelligence personnel work. Far from the minds of most American’s, but constantly in the minds of those on the front lines, looms the thought that each day could bring death for themselves or their colleagues. Living under these conditions, the mind snaps leaving one in every eight soldiers returning from overseas suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, proving that the pain of working in these circumstances scars the soul. Zero Dark Thirty introduces not only the horrors of torture, but the necessity of obtaining information. Struggling with the idea of forcefully extracting information from detainees, America’s shifting political environment after a presidential election reveals itself in a scene where United States President, Barack Obama, orders the Central Intelligence Agency to end the use of torture techniques. Too easily, graphic scenes of torture override the weak memories of Americans and they forget the heinous deeds propagated on uninvolved bystanders. People should never lose the intensity of the shock experienced on September, 11, 2001 when realizing that the objects tumbling from the twin towers no longer resembled pieces of the falling buildings, but came into focus as innocent victims leaping to their death before the inferno claimed their body and soul. Vital information withheld by radical jihadists endangers the lives of millions of people as terror plots blow apart the world. Zero Dark Thirty reopens this conversation. Serving as a powerful female image to many young women in America, actress Jessica Chastain portrays a determined CIA operative who seeks to find and kill Osama Bin Laden. Throughout the movie, Maya expresses her morals by remaining persistent in her journey to find Osama Bin Laden. In one scene she expresses her plans for the future, after a bombing killed many of her colleagues, stating â€Å"Im going to smoke them (Bin Laden’s assistants) and then Im going to kill Bin Laden.† No matter how many disregarded her or underestimated her research, in the end her incredible persistence led to the defeat of the mastermind behind 9/11 who destroyed many lives of American families. She set an example to young women as she stood strong against a group of men disagreeing with her, always remaining certain in a sea of uncertainty, providing America with closure and reward for over a decade of work. Recounting history’s greatest manhunt, Zero Dark Thirty introduces the world to another level of terrorism, explaining everything from detailed missions to their Pakistani allies. Characters like Maya speak volumes about the type of people protecting our country and how their lives remain on the line to ensure the safety of American citizens. Disputing the recent controversy over a process referred to as enhanced interrogation techniques, the new information known about the treatment of detainees left a sense of necessity for the use of torture methods on jihadists, knowing that it can save lives. Without a doubt everyone will leave the theater with a sense of pride in our nation for accomplishing such a hard task, but also feeling somber as they relive large terror attacks such as 9/11, or think upon the unknown bombings that occur every day in foreign countries. Work Cited: â€Å"Zero Dark Thirty† http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1790885/ â€Å"Study of 9/11 Emotional Response† http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2015528,00.html â€Å"1 in 8 returning soldiers suffers from PTSD† Associated Press. Date Last Revised: 6/30/2004.http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5334479/ns/health-mental_health/t/returning-soldiers-suffers-ptsd/ â€Å"Election will decide future of interogation metods for terrorism suspects† Charlie Savage http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/28/us/politics/election-will-decide-future-of-interrogation-methods-for-terrorism-suspects.html?_r=0

IMC Planning Model Analysis

IMC Planning Model Analysis Involves the process of planning, executing, evaluating controlling the use of our various promotional mix elements to effectively communicate with targeted audience, it provides framework for developing, implementing and controlling our organizations IMC program. Review of marketing plan: before launching our product we put in our minds that it will not be easy to compete with big names in tea industry such as Lipton for example; there for we understood that we must come up with some thing new, something different in-order to be unique, special and to attract our needed customers and play it wisely with the worlds number one Lipton.. therefore we had to understand our market situation: where we are (Now) and where it tends to go (Future) and how it will tend to go there, some detailed steps had to take place such as: A detailed situation analysis: Internal marketing audit and review Nestle is one of the leading companies in the market it is structured in a way to integrate all its departments (sales, marketing, CCSD, supply and demand) activities to reach a way to be profitable and to be the market leaders by owning the largest market share. External analysis of the market competition and environmental factor Nestle Egypt main brands are Maggie, Nescafe, Nido, and cerlak. Each brand has its own competitors and by introducing Nestea (Elite tea), our main competitors are Lipton, Ahmed tea, Dilmah. Each one of the competitors is serving a large target segment and the opportunity is to serve more specific segments (concentrated market) although Lipton is moving towards to be more customers specific. Specific marketing objectives Goal: From the heavens of earth, we provide our consumers with the finest picks of tea leaves for a royal taste Vision: To be ranked the best quality tea in the market Time frame for marketing activities: Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-sep Aug-Dec T.V ads Magazine Billboard Sponsor League Mechanisms for measuring our performance: Surveys and telephone Questioner Slogan: Blend of quality and tastetea leaf Marketing strategy/Program Targeted audience/markets: NESTLEs center of attention are People as a whole despite demographic, psychographics and geographic. The main aim of the firm is PEOPLE. This can be seen from their media and hoardings. Even on the packing design you can see the FAMILY, which focuses all the age groups. new-icon-customer-care Plans for the 4ps Place: nestle divides the market or customers into two, modern trade (MT) and traditional trade (TT), according to Nes-tea (elite tea) we will focus more on the modern trade according the high price Price: the price will be higher than the other tea brands due to the higher quality Promotion: promotions will be settled upon giving sophisticated gifts to show and maintain the image of a high quality brand. Product: the product is characterized by the best tea taste. The product display box will be expressing the high quality of the tea and people. Program to implement the strategy Advertising Research: A subset of marketing research, advertising research is the systematic gathering and analysis of information to help develop or evaluate advertising strategies, ads and commercials and media campaigns. Following are the types of the advertising research target-market-400300 Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Advertisers use quantitative research to measure market situation in hard number. 3 basic methods to collect quantitative data are mkt manager Observation Experiment Survey Nestle use this research method to get the results about their advertisement research. Qualitative research seeks in depth, open ended responses, not yes or no answers to get people to share their thoughts and feelings. This research is used more often to give advertisers a general impression of the market, the customer, or the product. The methods used in qualitative research are usually described as Projective Techniques Nestle do both type of research. They do ongoing research whole year and on the basis of the results they make their decision for the future.marketresearch Process of monitoring and evaluating performance Control At the end of every month there is a meeting for evaluation of results and to act on the feedback. The performance if not +, leads toward change in strategies Feed-back The effectiveness of a communication is assessed when the source receives a response. The response can be in many forms. Hopefully, the response or feedback is premeditated and desirable. The feedback can be a tangible product of the communication and can lend itself to easy evaluation. For e.g. we like to buy Elite tea for its high quality or it is the best taste in the market. Why its important in our perspective It is very important to evaluate our progress to know if there is any broken link in our process to solve as soon as possible to maintain our success and to attain our goal effectively. For us this step is an Integral part of the marketing strategy 2. Promotional program situation analysis: After reviewing the overall marketing; the next step in how to develop a promotional plan by conducting the situation analysis. This situation analysis mainly focuses on the development of the promotional strategy. Inside the promotional program situation analysis it includes two types the internal analysis and the external analysis. (Advertising and Promotion, 2009: p.29) Internal analysis: Assesses related areas involving the product, service offering. (Advertising and Promotion, 2009:P. 29) . There is more than one thing that is related to Product. The promotional mix; it contains the sales promotions, advertising, and personal selling. The sales promotion; it is direct to consumer and distributor channel members. Inside the sales promotion there is something called consumer sales promotions techniques. These techniques are used by the consumer to influence him towards purchase. Those techniques are also used by nestle for the Elite-Tea. The loyal reward program is done for targeting consumer who purchases this product for more than one. It allows him to collect points and at the end they concede these points and in return get a reward. For example: If consumer buys two-packs of Elite-Tea, then he/she will have a cup for free. The price of each pack is a deal between the consumer and the company, so the pack of the tea will be increasing by 25%. For example: Eli -Tea since the company has started to launch the product inside the market, so they decided to put inside each pack 25% more tea bags. Nestle was doing something new about this new product; they were doing something called online-coupons and these are coupons posted online on nestle web-site. In case of logging-on to the site and looking for the new products, coupons could easily get printed by consumers while being seated in his/her place. In other cases like entering a hypermarket; consumers could also get have coupons from the sales person standing. Also at the same time consumers will get a free pack of Elite-tea for sampling and testing. Advertising; Nestle is doing one of the most successful campaigns. The way of communication thats convinces or motivates the viewer of the advertisement to purchase the product after watching it. Also Nestle tried to focus more on the direct response of the advertisement. It is also one of the things that lead any campaign to be a successful one. In Elite-Tea advertisement; Nestle company is trying to mention or show how this product efficiently contains lots of benefits. In addition to this; it is clear in the advertisement, which market segment is being targeted by the company (Middle-Class Upper-Class) Strengths: Better Taste High Quality Comfortable Price More Tea Bags inside the pack Good brand name and image that have a reputation Have Competitive Advantage. (Unique in the price, Product design, Product Packaging) Weakness: Segmented only For the Middle class and The Upper Class There are a lot of competitors. External Analysis : It focuses on specific factors such as, characteristics of the firm consumers, market segment, positioning strategies, and competitors. Nestle is always caring about the external analysis. For consumers; Nestle cares about which type of consumers are buying the product through surveys and questionnaires. Like who buys our products and services? The answer is the middle and the upper class that will be able to purchase this product. What does the consumer buy? What needs must be satisfied? Normally the consumer is buying the benefits of the product and that will satisfy his needs and wants. Then after they understand how the consumer thinks; they start to segment the market by dividing it based on the similarities among groups of people. Nestle is segmenting the market, based on demographic variables such as the age (Teenagers-elders). Also by sex, it could be used by both genders. It might be considered as if its for psychographic segments because it depends on the lifestyle. I think big a percentage of consumers life style is to drink tea. Competitors: Who are our direct competitors? Lipton Ahmad Tea Who are Our Indirect competitors? Al-Jawhara Tea El Arosa Tea. More Market Share. Better known in the market. What Key Benefits are used by our competitors? The price much lower There reputation in the market Known By the distributes elit tea without boarders 529px-Nestlà © Analysis of the communication process: (How our product can effectively communicate with consumer in its target market) Communication goals: We want our customers to have a positive perception towards the tea which we produce, increase likability, and be the number one in the market. Communication objective: are reports of what various aspects of the IMC plan will accomplish. (Advertising and Promotion, 2009: 211). In order to reach the communication goals, objectives should be met. Improve brand awareness, brand quality. Marketing objective: are generally stated in the firms marketing plan and are statements of what is to be accomplished by the overall marketing program within a given time period. (Advertising and Promotion, 2009: 210). Our purpose of the marketing objective is to: Increase market share. Increase sales. Be the number 1 in the market. Communication Process Source: Is the person or business that has information to share with another person or group of people. (Advertising and promotion, 2009: 146). Nestle is the source. Encoding: Involves putting thoughts, ideas, or information into a symbolic form. (Advertising and promotion, 2009: 148). Eli tea which Nestle provides it leads to a long healthy life because it Gives refreshing and full energetic feeling. Nestle tea contains chemical which is called polyphenols, which gives tea antioxidant properties that protects against cancer diseases. Message: The encoding process leads to development of a message that contains the information or meaning the source hopes to convey. (Advertising and promotion, 2009:148) We want to provide best quality and best taste Channel: Is the method by which the communication travels from the source or sender to the receiver. (Advertising and promotion, 2009:149). Consists of two channels: Personal channels: Are direct interpersonal (face-to-face) contacts with target individuals or groups. (Advertising and promotion, 2009:149). In big supermarkets such as Carrefour, spinneys and etc. there are booths standing inside them sales people who offer free tea samples and if the consumer likes the taste they could purchase. Non personal channels: Are those that carry a message without interpersonal contact between sender and receiver. (Advertising and promotion, 2009:150). Nestle Eli tea commercial on a prime time show. Receiver: Is the persons with whom the sender shares thoughts or information. (Advertising and promotion, 2009:152). Consumers are the receivers; the message should be simple so that they can decode it. Our audiences are the clients whom are looking for a blend of taste and royalty at any age. Decoding: Is the process of transforming the senders message back into thought. (Advertising and promotion, 2009:152). The receiver should be able to decode the message, the decoding here is the: Fresh Energetic Natural beauty Smiley face Noise: The unplanned distortion or interference is known as noise. In case of advertising on T.V or radio we should be considering the signal, on bill board we should be considering traffic and weather. (Advertising and promotion, 2009:152) Response / Feedback: Response: The receivers set of reactions after, seeing, hearing, or reading the message is known as response. Feed back: The part of the receivers response that is communicated back into the sender. The response and feed back of the consumer is that they feel healthy when they drink Eli Tea. tea leaftea leaftea leaftea leaftea leaf elit tea without boarders529px-Nestlà © 4. Budget Determination After determining the communication objectives, our attention now focuses on the promotional budget. In an ideal world, the amount needed to spend on our promotion should be determined by what must be done to accomplish the communication objective. However, promotional budgets are sometimes determined using a more simplistic approach, ex: how much money is available or a percentage in our companys sales revenue. At this stage, the budget is often uncertain. It may not be finalized until specific promotional mix strategies are developed (Belch Belch 2009) Nestle in terms of financial analysis it focuses on how much amount it uses on its activities in the industrial sector and it also reflects how efficiently the organization is utilizing its resources. A new budget is formulated every year, each time a new product is introduced, or when either internal or external factors necessitate a change to maintain competiveness. Essentially, in our product we focus on two primary budgeting decisions: establishing a budget amount and allocating the budget. Many firms employ more than one method, and even budgeting approaches vary according to the size and sophistication of the firm. Here in Nestle and specifically our new product Nestle EliTe we use the Top-Down Approaches/or Budgeting instead of using contribution margin and/or marginal analysis approaches. Here the budgetary amount is determined usually at senior manager level and then the duties are agreed down to the different departments. Top management sets the spending limit Promotion budgets set to stay within spending limit However, Top-down methods include the affordable method, arbitrary allocation, percentage of sales, competitive parity and return on investment (ROI), yet according to our new product and its position in its product life cycle (PLC) it is still in the introduction level; it cannot fit in some of these approaches: like Percentage of sales and/or the ROI. Affordable method: the organization agrees on the amount to be used up in different areas such as production and operations. Then it distributes whats left to advertising and promotion, taking into account this to be the total it can afford. And this we think that its the best way or safest way to launch our product. Adding to that, at the same time we could check our Competitive parity were Nestlà ©s executives establish funds amount by linking the competitions percentage of sales expenditures.lipton_logo Q We ask ourselves two questions in this stage! What will be the promotional program cost? Incentive Discounts ramadan Ramadan offers Buy 3 and get 1 free Free samples Market share Overall company market share in the Egyptian market is 80%. Budgeting j0229385 Electronic Media 15-tea-bag-set Cost of TV Ad Prime Time: 6-11 pm al7ayat Channels: Al-Hayat, El-Mehwar, Ch.2 (EGY) Cost in Prime Time: L.E 75,000/min elm7wr Cost in Off-peak time: L.E 27,000 30,000/min Cost of Billboard Size: 2700 sq. ft Skin: L.E 57,000 Rent for 1 month in (X) Area: 600,000 1,000,000 Cost of Hanging Hoardings Size: 5ft x 2 ft Cost: 150/boarding Rent: L.E 1,350/week Cost of Posters Paper weight: 135 gram Size: 18 inch x 23 inch Quantity: 3000 @ LE. 4.15/poster Estimated Marketing and Promotional program expenditure: L.E 3 Million * Additional sponsors: facebook_logo Face book Worlds Gym FM 5ICCAUHVPF3CA8P67L6CAFROY90CA2LVWPECAHDMJ1ECAGPOIILCANB87TGCATSQJDICA0TZB81CAAS5S9FCAB2ZLOZCAPVENOECA0JPL1HCARCO1NACAFIOCX3CAQA1XAQCAAO6DY4CAU92F52 Magazines (Teen stuff, Fatafeat)  © Estimated numbers by Nestle Elite Tea How will the money be allocated? money_sign Once the budget has been appropriated, the next step is to allocate it. The allocation decision involves determining which markets, products, and promotional elements will receive which amounts of the funds appropriated. Market size: While the budget should be allocated according to the specific promotional tools needed to accomplish the stated objectives, the size of the market will affect the decision. Small Markets Often easier and less expensive to reach the target market. Large Markets The target group maybe more dispersed and thus more expensive to reach. Market potential Market share goals Organizational characteristics: the organization structure, power and politics in the organization hierarchy, characteristics of the decision maker, approval and negotiation channels. Loans: a serious amount of money (probably large) taken by the company from banks as to accomplish a specific task and then repay it with a certain amount of commission. Sponsorship: All of the sponsors of our product, they try and help our product to penetrate the market. Investment/Revenue: We would rely on the arbitrary allocation or ROI approach.