Organizational Innovation and Change - Critical Thinking Mod 7 - Tyco Essay

Organizational Innovation and Change - Critical Thinking Mod 7 - Tyco - Essay Example Dialogue is an important skill that changes the behaviors of persons in different ways. It changes a person’s behavior in such a manner that one speaks out the touchy issues that disturb the mind (Glaser, 2009). Dialogue improves a person’s attitude. Through management involvement, the unyielding of an individual attitudes is prompted. It also transforms the cultural feelings brought about by the existing organization through creation of new regulations to govern a large organization. The new transformation team in Tyco Company involved its employees in decision making which increased the workers morale. Dialogue helped in creating team work in the company. Worker involvement in the organization issues was not portrayed in the former management (Glaser, 2009). Problem solving was brought near the worker and the problem solving by the management was enhanced by the implementation of offered solutions. In dialogue, the participants should put down their positions and opin ions so as to give each speaker time to give out views that should be respected. Vignettes There are many issues that should be taken into consideration in writing the vignettes to be used by an international company like Tyco. Problems such as language barrier, ethnicity, tribe, workers nationality, religion and economic aspects are prevalent. Hard work and determination will be highly valued in any organization and this should be the case with the workers and the associates of the Tyco Company. Respect is also a factor of major concern in the company. Every person in the Tyco fraternity is of importance and is highly valued therefore respect should prevail amongst all workers in the organization. No intimidation whatsoever is expected in the company irrespective of the status anyone holds in the organization. No one should be intimidated on matters relating to sex, nationality, religion, age or ethnicity so as to defend the sovereignty of the organization. Incase of crimes relatin g to any issue, should be channeled to the management through the right channels so as to maintain togetherness and tranquility in the organization. Organizational wrangles might develop internationally if these instructions are not channeled in the right manner. Changes Employed by the Top Management Change is very important in every institution that leads to morale and appraisal to the members of the organization. This can be affected in an organization through involvement of the workers in decision making process (Tanya, 2010). This will give the workers the morale to work so that they can be promoted to management position. This can be given a try by wiping out conspiracy in the organization which makes the top management to implement new laws that does not tolerate incompetence but upraises those who abide by the law. Bringing management to the roots helps in relieving workers after the end of the worse regime. Workers involvement in the institutional issues helps the managemen t to get first hand information in the areas that need reshuffle due to arguments from workers (Tanya, 2010). The satisfaction of employees helps to get relevant information on the reactions of seniors towards juniors. Address to Shareholders Shareholders are the major sources of capital for every organization. The shareholders of Tyco Company are the major people who can lead towards the attainment of Tyco’s organizational goals. Therefore due to the end of the down trawling regime the company’s fame must be defended and retained at all cost. This can be

Auditory Hallucination in Schizophrenic Illness Essay - 1

Auditory Hallucination in Schizophrenic Illness - Essay Example Paranoid thinking or psychotic symptoms which are symptoms of schizophrenia could also be experienced with high levels of dopamine in the brain. When the brain recognizes that there is excessive dopamine, symptoms which are schizophrenic appear. Schizophrenic patients also have more dopamine receptors than people without it (Barkus et al., 2007). Glutamate is also associated with schizophrenia. It has a major role in the forming and encoding of memory. It is also thought to have a function in learning. When glutamate receptors are blocked for instance when one takes PCP, there is reported paranoia that is also a symptom of schizophrenia. Schizophrenic patients have been found to possess lower levels of glutamate compared to normal people. The two neurotransmitters interaction is said to be at the core of schizophrenia since the production of many dopamine receptors affects the glutamate receptors by blocking them and thus reducing their action (Spencer et al., 2009). The dopamine hypothesis is generally the best explanation for the cause of schizophrenia at the neurotransmitter level. It is the most etiologic theory in psychotherapy. Its proposal that certain pathways of dopamine are overactive in schizophrenia could be true because when one takes drugs that increase dopamine, they induce positive symptoms but when the drugs that block its receptors are taken they reduce the positive symptoms. In other words, the experiences and behaviors associated with schizophrenia could be fully made clear by the transformations of dopamine function in the brain (Ven, 2006). Auditory hallucinations could be said to be a false perception of sound or experiencing internal voices and noises that do not originate from the external world and are seen to be separate from the normal brain processes.  

Ethical Issue in Public Health Essay Example for Free

Ethical Issue in Public Health Essay 1. Ethical Leadership in the Hospital Business Due to the critical relevance of the healthcare service for the society, it is important for the organizations and institutions involved in this field to develop their operational system, administrative approaches, and patient care strategies to address effectively and efficiently the healthcare service needs of the community. Important in these institutions is the organizational aspect of their operation wherein the role of leadership becomes a critical material as this manifest as the key element in the ethical nature of their group. Indeed, leadership is important in the hospital institution as this serve as the focal point of the ethical nature and ideal identity of their organization. The leadership characteristics each hospital institution respectively defines their service and their ethical nature. Significantly, the leadership character needed in healthcare institutions is mainly based on their classification organized based on their facilities, potential, and ability to extend particular healthcare service. In relation to their classification, it is important for the organization to develop leadership principles and ethical values towards their purpose of providing healthcare service. In this aspect, the leadership characteristics of each hospital must be towards achieving success in the ethical purpose of their organization, maximizing their potential for effective service, and extending their services in their community. These elements must be fully integrated and must be effectively manifested by the leaders of the hospital organization for them to be able to influence and direct their institution towards the achievement of these missions. Developing the approach in the leadership system of a healthcare organization is often considered as a critical matter particularly the approach that will be taken by the leaders in influencing the entire organization. In motivating the personnel of the hospital towards their ethical agenda, it is important for the leaders to affect the views and ideology of its people through personally manifesting the values they wish to promote. An approach particular to this is â€Å"servant leadership† in which the leaders manifest the values of humility and humbleness in their actions thus, enabling them to lead their group through examples. In general, this approach is mainly means being the values that they wish to promote whereas through perception, the organization will be motivated to follow their leader’s example. Indeed, through applying this leadership strategy in uplifting the ethical values of the hospital organization, the institutions can become effective healthcare service medium addressing the need of the people for better health and better life. The ethical system by which hospital leadership is based actually outlines the needed level of relationship that doctors and other health staff should have with the patients that they are attending to. The level of involvement that they are allowed to have with their patients is usually broken down through the different ethical principles that the said industry applies in the system. 2. Contemporary Neuroscience and the Notion of Freedom The aspect of neuroscience primarily relates to the determination and the analysis of behavioral development of the human being based on the physiological and biological nature of the brain in the human body. In this field, scientists try to explain and understand how human behavior and its characteristics are developed from the complex development of the brain structure from its basic origin of single-celled to the complex formation of the human body. During the past, this field has been limited by numerous hindrances namely the boundaries in the current technological capacity. However, in the present, recent technological advancement with the numerous studies and efforts in this field brought about new discoveries and advances in the scientific field of neuroscience. Among the recent advances in this field formulation of the procedural approach in researching brain characteristics and activities in its fundamental structure wherein scientists are not able to explore the relationship and possibilities in genetic influence with the behavioral development. With the experimentation procedures in animals and the technological advances that allow molecular reconfiguration, neuroscientists are now able to explore the influence of genetic altercation with neurological and behavioral characteristics. In application, this recent advancement paved the way for greater possibilities wherein scientist hope on curing neurological problems and detrimental behavioral problems and retardation during the initial development of the brain. With more research, scientist can learn how to determine and stop possible brain and psychological problems during the fetal development of the human body thus negating its unfortunate consequences in the future. With this possibility, the choice of living a healthy physiological and psychological life can be made possible and available for the every human being, which will be significantly assured even during his or her fetal development. In addition, positive traits and characteristics can be enhanced in each generation influencing the development of the society for the better towards the future. Ethical matters in this part of the medical aspect of development involves the consideration that practitioners place on the capabilities of the patient to decide for their own medications or the process of healing that they are likely to accept in such serious cases of neuro-medication.

Total Quality Management Techniques

Total Quality Management Techniques Total quality management (TQM) principles and techniques are now a days well accepted part of almost every managers tool kit (Dow et al., 1999). According to Powell (1995), most large firms have adopted TQM in some form, and official quality awards are a badge of honour whether a company is operating in Japan, the USA, Europe, or Australia. Implementing TQM is a major organizational change that requires a transformation in the organizations culture, processes, strategic priorities, and beliefs, among others. Quality: Different people have different definitions of quality but they all have the same central theme. According to (Text book), Quality is consistent conformance to customers expectations. Some refer to quality as fitness for use and other calls it as conformance of requirement. According to American Society for Quality, Quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs. However, quality doesnt have a single perspective and is different for the customers of any product and service and for the producers of that good or service. In the Operations view, targeting quality is to undertake operations to produce outcomes which are in line with the specifications defined through processes that are designed and controlled to maintain consistency in the specified production and above all, that the Customers Expectations are met through the produced good or service. In customers view, quality has no single definition for all customers. It depends on how they perceive it. Hence, quality is referred to as customers perception and expectation about different values of a single product or service. Following are the different dimensions of any product or service: Performance Main characteristics of a product/service Special Features Extra characteristics Conformance How well a product/service corresponds to the customers expectation Reliability Consistency of performance Durability Useful life of a product/service Perceived Quality Indirect evaluation of quality (e.g. reputation) After Sales Service Handling of complaints and requests for information THE DIMENSIONS OF QUALITY (Stevenson, 1999) The Quality Costs The cost of quality is a balance of the cost of assurance of quality against the costs associated with shortcomings resulting in the lack of quality. An attempt to minimize the total quality costs is mere balancing of the four components of quality cost: prevention: incurred to prevent quality problems, appraisal: associated with controlling quality to check whether problems have occurred or not, internal failures: associated with errors dealt with inside of operations and external failures: associated with errors or problems going out of the operation to a customer.(Text Book) The variations within the individual quality cost categories are secondary in importance compared to their combined effect on the overall total quality cost. The quality cost concept is an effective tool that can be used to express the value of the quality aspects of the operation in terms of money so that monitoring and analysis of investments and savings in that area can be readily evaluated using the language of business: money. (George P. Laszlo) Prevention is the important influence more than inspection, according to a rule of thumb, for every dollar spent in prevention; a company can save $10 in failure and appraisal costs. (Chase, Aquilano and Jacobs, 1998) Consequences of Poor Quality Quality has been recognised as the key ingredient for success in business and has been focused upon intensely so as to match the pace of the contemporary market growth and the subsequent competition in it. Production of good or service with the required quality is possible only through properly managed production process, whose vital part is to ensure the satisfactory quality assurance. However, in case this vital part fails to contribute its role effectively, processes produce outcomes with poor quality. Poor quality products may disappoint the buyer and result in the customer migration. Buying a product and finding it below expectations will make buyer not to buy the same product again. In fact, the chances that the buyer will buy any other product from the company are also low. Poor quality affects the overall costs associated with that product. The failure cost increases as poor quality product is repaired, replaced or made new. The cost associated with the reimbursements and waste materials increases the overall variable production costs and hence profit margins and contribution. As a consequence of the cost increase, companies alter the price levels. ( Begg Ward) However, spending enough prevention cost at first place, the economic turbulence in the market can be avoided. More than all, poor quality damages the image and reputation of the company among the customer base. The famous example of Mercedes, launching A-class car without noticing its faulty design, showed the sensitivity of the relation between reputation of a company with the quality of its products. ( Topfer,1997) As the repairs or rectification of any faulty product demands for more efforts, the overall productivity of the firm is also affected by the poor quality outcomes. Also, the Consumer and Product Safety Act of 1972 makes firms liable for damages caused by the products or services, which do not fulfil the standards set and enforced by the act. (Heizer and Render, 2000) What is TQM? The concept of TQM (Total Quality Management) is generally understood, and often also described, as some form of management philosophy based in a number of core values, such as customer focus, continuous improvement, process orientation, everybodys commitment, fast response, result orientation and learn from others. (Ulrika Hellsten and Bengt Klefsjo, emerald). All these core values collectively are nothing but quality improvement. Hence, TQM is best thought of as a philosophy of how to approach the organization of quality improvement. (Text Book) TQM philosophy stresses the Total of TQM. Putting quality or improvement at the heart of everything and including all activities within an operation, TQM aims at participation of all the members in organization targeting long-run success through customer satisfaction, and benefits to all members of the organization and to society. TQM and the Quality Gurus Although the quality gurus seem to be recommending different solutions to bringing about improvement, they are all talking the same language but they use different dialects.(Text book). Each Guru stressed a different set of issues, which catalysed the transition from TQM concept to operations improvement. It is believed that Japanese were the first to introduce the concept and implemented it on a wide scale and subsequently popularized the term Total Quality Management. Few of the popular contributors and their philosophies about TQM are briefly described. A. Feigenbaum stressed on the integration of quality development, quality maintenance and quality improvement efforts of the various groups in an organization so as to enable production and service at the most economical levels which allow for full customer satisfaction.( Text book) W.E.Demings basic philosophy is that quality and productivity increase as process variability (the unpredictability of the process) decreases. In his 14 points for quality improvement, he emphasizes the need for statistical control methods, participation, education, openness and purposeful improvement.(Text book) J.M. Juran was concerned about management responsibility for quality and he focussed on user based approach in defining the specifications of the products. TQM as an extension of previous practice. Quality is explained with a different perspective in contemporary organizations in comparison to traditional organizations. The new perspective suggests that from narrow, manufacturing-based discipline, quality has transited to a corporate emphasis and is applicable to each business function and every employee with broader implications for management. The evolution of quality management has reached a point where quality is being viewed as a basis for competition. Total quality management can be viewed as a natural extension of earlier approaches to quality Management. Earlier quality was achieved by inspection and screening out defects before they were noticed by customers. The quality control (QC) concept introduced the concept of treating the quality problems. Quality assurance (QA) widened the responsibility for quality to include functions other than direct operations and made use of statistical quality techniques. TQM added few more factors or themes into it. The first and the key element of TQM is that organizations should see the product or its value and quality from customers point of view in a process of setting its specifications, designing and actual production. In these days, rapidly changing trends, technologies and preferences are collectively making the process of realizing customers expectations a critical, time taking and expensive process for contemporary organizations. Another powerful aspect of TQM is the concept of Internal and External customers which suggests the inclusion of all the parts of organization. Delivering the goods and services with a level of quality within the organization considering everyone as customer ensures the delivery of the final product to the external customer to be of required level of expectations and quality. Several companies are adopting the internal customer concept in their operations. Hewlett-Packard, the information systems company, was one of the first to make a success of the internal-customer concept in its operations. (Text Book) The concept of never ending improvement makes TQM an even better tool for improvement. The reputation and business of any company runs on quality of its product. However, with increasing pace of advancement and research, one level of quality doesnt reflect the same value to customers in very short time. So, implementing continuous improvement concept keeps the organization in the competition. Quality programs like zero-defects, which aims at performing right at the first time, and six sigma, which is intended to keep the error rate of about 3 defectives per million units, are also used to describe the continuous improvement efforts. (Stevenson, 1996 Blackboard) TQM Cost Model Quality Systems and Procedures Very often people are prevented from making improvements by the organizations systems and procedures. Indeed, there is a belief that direct operators can correct, at the most, only 15 per cent of quality problems; the other 85 per cent are managements responsibility because they are due to the system or the lack of one. (Text Book) This calls for a properly defined Quality management system which should cover all facets of the organizations operations. ISO 9000 series is a set of worldwide standards that draws the common requirements for quality management systems for all organization and provides a framework for quality assurance. The registration process involves a third party evaluation and regular audits to ensure the system doesnt deteriorate. (Text Book). ISO 9000 registration is an effective element for organizations to have an edge over those which doesnt hold the registration. Customers, these days, are very well aware of these standards and gain confidence, in terms of assured quality, in any company if it is ISO 9000 recommended. Surely, organizations and customers, both are benefitted. However, on the other hand, those contemporary organizations which still havent achieved the ISO 9000 have to somehow, undertake the time and cost consuming implementation of these set of quality measures to sustain in the highly competitive era. Implementation of TQM While implementing TQM, organizations should not forget that firms will have different needs and thus TQM must be specially customised to the circumstances of the organization. (Slack, Chambers and Johnston; 2001). Also, TQM involves all aspects of the firm and unless its significance is fully understood by everybody, its implementation will fail. (N.N., 2000b Blackboard). The successful implementation of TQM should focus on following factors. Factor 1: Top management commitment: The degree of visibility and support that management takes in implementing a total quality environment is critical to the success of TQM implementation (Deming, 1982; Juran and Gryna 1980). Management should plan to reduce traditionally structured operational levels and unnecessary positions. For example, spot checking can be implemented instead of hiring a supervisor for this job. Simplifying the organization will lead to the establishment of an infrastructure of integrated business functions participating as a team and supporting the strategic vision of the company. (Jaideep Motwani) Factor 2: Quality measurement and benchmarking: Most authors endorse a zero defect and a do it right the first time attitude towards the quality program. Measurement techniques should include monitoring supplier quality levels, utilizing SPC (Statistical Process Control) to reduce process variability, and calculating the cost of quality (Ahire et al., 1996; Powell, 1995; Hardie, 1998). Factor 3: Process management: This factor emphasizes adding value to processes, increasing quality levels, and raising productivity per employee. The concept of Continuous improvement discussed earlier, has to be implemented for assurance. The other tactics can be reducing the operator material handling duties, achieving a compact process flow or implementation of quality circles. Factor 4: Product design: The study of quality performance commence from the product design stage, when everything is in flux. A range of possibilities exist at this stage about the material to be used, specifications, vendors etc. Hence, at this critical point, customers expectations should be clear. Factor 5: Employee training: Employees should be trained and oriented to the overall gaols of the company, the commitments to successfully utilizing the TQM methodology and to be an effective team member. There are techniques for staff to learn as well, of course, but the purpose of the techniques is solely to work towards the basic objective the elimination of errors. (Text Book) Factor 7: Customer involvement and satisfaction: When considering customers, internal and external customers are addressed. Internal customers should undertake timely and dependable deliveries, continuously improve and self-implement solutions. An external customer service program should include providing customers with timely information and quick responsiveness to complaints, and maintaining a corporate goal to reduce the quantity of questions or complaints while recognizing all successful efforts by employees in providing outstanding service (Kasul and Motwani, 1995b). Reasons of TQM failure: Organizations often do not understand the depth of implementing TQM. The weak commitment results in ineffective value setting in the organization. A blind pursuit of TQM, which doesnt integrate quality into strategy, will draw an organisations attention away from the real important issues like customer focus and never ending improvement and thus TQM, considered a short-term investment, will certainly fail. (Reid and Sanders, 2002 and Stevenson, 1999). At the same time, expecting a radical change or a quick fix by mere implementing it results in the failures. Managers take issues for granted after implementing TQM; creating an absence of good decision making skills which leads to the TQM failures. Another reason is the ambiguity in the roles for making change, undertaking quality measures and eliminating errors in an organisation after implementing TQM. Top management may believe that identification and eliminations of errors has to be processed at operations level, however, operation workers may not take extra responsibility and can develop a perception that improvement measures are burdening them which can lead to lack in belief and commitment and eventual failure. Lack Employees Commitment As discussed earlier, training is an important part of the TQM implementation process. Training the employees doesnt only points to the operations training but also the attitude training as well. Absence or lack of employee training can be a reason of failure. TQM demands for the complete awareness and participation at every level of the organization.(Text Book) Unless, employees develop a commitment level at which they perceive organizational goals as their own, they cannot work to their full potential. However, spending adequate amount on conducting trainings can be a key for the desired outcome. Lack of organizations communication system and function is also a cause for the failure of TQM in an organization. The varied information regarding TQM as a result of lack of co-ordination between different departments may not satisfy the questions of workforce and hence create a loss of ideas which may have developed with proper information in the flow. Absence of proper review technique to check the effectiveness of the quality system is a major cause for failure. Organizations fail to find the cause for defects in products or procedures on implementation of TQM. It may be due to the wrong techniques being used to review or ineffective business process adopted.

Gullivers Travels :: essays research papers

Gulliver’s Travels   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel, Gulliver’s Travels, Jonathan Swift addresses many things wrong with the society around him. His portrayal of English society shows how much he saw evil in it. He mainly addressed five issues throughout his book: war, government and politics,economy, society, and mankind as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Lilliputians uncover the idiocracy of war in our society. The Little-Ender and Big-Ender war all started on the debate of which way to break an egg. It didn’t matter that the entire reason of the war was ridiculous--no one knew that reason. They just fought because they knew that they fought long ago, and guessed that it should have been for a good reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gulliver himself even showed the absurdity of war when he explained the reasons England would fight to Mistress or the Queen of Brobdingnag. His justifications to fight were simply because the enemy was weaker and they wanted more land. This shows Swift’s sympathy for Ireland at that time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Swift believed that politics and government were games. The “election'; of “leaping and creeping'; of the Lilliputians was the basis of choosing their government officials. The government was ran with people that could go under or jump over a stick. The entire notion of classes and ranks seemed to be stupid to Swift.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The island of Brobdingnag portrayed Swift’s idea of a perfect society. Everyone was equal, and everyone got an equal share. There were no taxes and everyone got a say in how to deal with problems that arose.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Gulliver explained English society to the queen of Brobdingnag, she no longer regarded the little man with wonder. She proclaimed that the crimes of his society were lying and swindling, and the English were horrible vermin. When Gulliver decided to show the queen a wonder of his society, he seemed to further alienate himself because he showed her the destructiveness of his world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Swift probably knew that having knowledge was power. But the impractical seeking of knowledge was of no use to him. At the Academy, professors would stay inside for years at a time, letting nature outside go to waste. They would ponder different ways to perform simple tasks and looked for answers to questions that hadn’t any. They did not take a thing of nature as God intended it, rather they took it apart and analyzed it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Swift saw humankind as evil, as portrayed in the life of the Houyhnhms and Yahoos.

Attentional Interference in Relation to the Stroop Effect :: essays research papers

Interference and facilitation are two important aspects of automatic processes. Interference refers to the range to which one process encumbers performance of another, whereas facilitation indicates the extent to which one process assists performance of another. Through practice and maturation, reading progresses from a controlled process to one that is automatic, lessening the demands on attentional resources. Stroop reported one of the first studies, which provided support for this, in 1935. He combined the word object/property dimensions in the same stimulus to create one of the most researched phenomena in cognitive psychology: The Stroop effect (MacLeod, 1991). He found that it was faster to read words than it was to name the corresponding object or their properties, including their color. Due to its key in understanding attention, the study that lead to many other related investigations, originated by examining interference in reading automaticity. Stroop furthered his research by creating tasks involving color naming and reading. He first compared the time it took to read color names printed in incongruent ink colors to a base line reading of color words. For the second part of his study, Stroop compared the time it took to name the ink color when congruent with the color word (e.g., blue printed in blue ink) to the time it took to name the ink color. By comparing the response times in the interference conditions to the control conditions he found that it took people longer to respond to the color of the ink when printed in a color incongruent to the color word (Stroop, 1995). The words interfere with naming the color; yet, the color does not interfere with reading the word. The nature of the Stroop effect results as a consequence of automaticity. People have difficulty ignoring the meaning of a word because, through practice, reading has become an automatic process. The two main explanations accounting for the Stroop effect in the past have been cognitive attentional processes involved in learning, controlled and automatic. As previously mentioned, when a process is automatic (for example reading), it is not only faster; it also does not rely on other cognitive resources. Controlled processes, for example color naming, are slow and demand more attentional resources. The theory is that an automatic process cannot successfully suppressed without causing interference of a controlled process. The second explanation, relative speed of processing, argues that the two processes involved in color naming and word reading are accomplished in parallel, but that word reading is carried out faster, assuming that the faster process will then interfere with the slower ones such as color naming (Dunbar and McLeod, 1984 as cited in Mel, 1997)

English Literature Essay

Literature (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is the art of written work, and is not confined to published sources (although, under some circumstances, unpublished sources can also be exempt). The word literature literally means â€Å"things made from letters† and the pars pro toto term â€Å"letters† is sometimes used to signify â€Å"literature,† as in the figures of speech â€Å"arts and letters† and â€Å"man of letters.† The four major classifications of literature are poetry, prose, fiction, and non-fiction. What in Philippine Literature? Philippine literature is the literature associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines. Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written during the Spanish period and the first half of the 20th century in Spanish language. Philippine literature is written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, and/or other native Philippine languages. As a Filipino, What is the importance of Literature? Literature serves as an enormous information base. Research works by famous inventors and literary works by notable scientists often narrate stories of their groundbreaking discoveries and inferences. Ongoing developments in the fields of science and technology are documented so that the world can know about them. Several ancient scriptures relating stories of human evolution and narratives of human life in those times, have been of tremendous help to mankind. Thus, literature has always served as an authentic source of information from all around the world. What environmental education goals and features? Philippines is not an exemption in letting us feel the harsh realities of these environmental threats and challenges. With all the ever increasing demands created by the environmental problems accompanied by social, political and technological changes happening, the education sector is faced with challenges and is expected to initiate changes in the curriculum and give more attention to environmental education. The curriculum should be geared towards the provision of knowledge, skills and values that will help  the learners cope and adapt to these changes. The goal of environmental education is to develop an environmentally literate and responsible citizenry who will ensure the protection and the improvement of the environment, and bring about sustainability, social equity and economic efficiency in the use of the country’s natural resources. Because of the existing environmental problems we are into and the thrust for sustainability, the protection and improvement of the environment have become imperative educational goals. It is also envisioned that within the next decade, a great majority of Filipinos will be imbued with a sense of responsibility to care for, protect for, and enhance environmental quality that is conducive to their wellbeing and supportive of the nation’s economic development.